CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

Capacitors, an overview

Capacitors, an overview

Capacitors, an overview

Capacitors, an overview

Capacitors, an overview

Includes: Ceramic, Electrolytic, Elemental, Film, Light Emitting, Super, and Variable. Definition: The Capacitor, C, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Charge and Voltage. Measured in units of Capacitance (C / V, or Farad), C = dq / dV. Capacitors store a wide range of electric charges and consists of a minimum of two conducting surfaces (plates), separated by an insulator (dielectric) and depending on type, may require a vacuum, gas or electrolytic solution. History: The first capacitor, known as the Kleistian jar, then the Leyden jar, condensers or permittors, to capacitors, a two-terminal electrical component to store electricity and at least two electrical conductors (called “plates”) separated by an insulating layer (called the “dielectric”) allowing them to retain a charge. They are used in all forms of electronics from amplifiers, filters, tuned circuits or as part of a power supply system to smooth rectified currents, whereas larger capacitors are used for energy storage, lighting, electric motors, power factor correction in AC power distribution systems. Non-Polarised Capacitors have dielectrics made of Ceramic, Film, Paper, Air, Glass, Silicon or a Vacuum. Polarised Capacitors (electrolytic) are made of Aluminium, Tantalum, Niobium, whilst Super Capacitors are made as a Double Layer, Pseudo or Hybrid of both. Components: Dielectric is an insulating material between two conducting plates of a capacitor which enables electrical charge to be stored. Dielectric examples include porcelain, mica, glass, plastic, metals oxides, dry air, distilled water and a vacuum. The official term, dielectric, was suggested to Michael Faraday by William Whewell in 1848. Electrolyte is the chemical solution used in cells and some capacitors to produce an electrically conductive storage medium. Solid crystalline salts disassociate into paired charged particles when dissolved. In forming a solution, the salt dissociates into charged particles, of which Michael Faraday had given the name “ion”. Used for this purpose in 1884 by Chemist, Svante Arrhenius

Includes: Ceramic, Electrolytic, Elemental, Film, Light Emitting, Super, and Variable. Definition: The Capacitor, C, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Charge and Voltage. Measured in units of Capacitance (C / V, or Farad), C = dq / dV. Capacitors store a wide range of electric charges and consists of a minimum of two conducting surfaces (plates), separated by an insulator (dielectric) and depending on type, may require a vacuum, gas or electrolytic solution. History: The first capacitor, known as the Kleistian jar, then the Leyden jar, condensers or permittors, to capacitors, a two-terminal electrical component to store electricity and at least two electrical conductors (called “plates”) separated by an insulating layer (called the “dielectric”) allowing them to retain a charge. They are used in all forms of electronics from amplifiers, filters, tuned circuits or as part of a power supply system to smooth rectified currents, whereas larger capacitors are used for energy storage, lighting, electric motors, power factor correction in AC power distribution systems. Non-Polarised Capacitors have dielectrics made of Ceramic, Film, Paper, Air, Glass, Silicon or a Vacuum. Polarised Capacitors (electrolytic) are made of Aluminium, Tantalum, Niobium, whilst Super Capacitors are made as a Double Layer, Pseudo or Hybrid of both. Components: Dielectric is an insulating material between two conducting plates of a capacitor which enables electrical charge to be stored. Dielectric examples include porcelain, mica, glass, plastic, metals oxides, dry air, distilled water and a vacuum. The official term, dielectric, was suggested to Michael Faraday by William Whewell in 1848. Electrolyte is the chemical solution used in cells and some capacitors to produce an electrically conductive storage medium. Solid crystalline salts disassociate into paired charged particles when dissolved. In forming a solution, the salt dissociates into charged particles, of which Michael Faraday had given the name “ion”. Used for this purpose in 1884 by Chemist, Svante Arrhenius

Includes: Ceramic, Electrolytic, Elemental, Film, Light Emitting, Super, and Variable. Definition: The Capacitor, C, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Charge and Voltage. Measured in units of Capacitance (C / V, or Farad), C = dq / dV. Capacitors store a wide range of electric charges and consists of a minimum of two conducting surfaces (plates), separated by an insulator (dielectric) and depending on type, may require a vacuum, gas or electrolytic solution. History: The first capacitor, known as the Kleistian jar, then the Leyden jar, condensers or permittors, to capacitors, a two-terminal electrical component to store electricity and at least two electrical conductors (called “plates”) separated by an insulating layer (called the “dielectric”) allowing them to retain a charge. They are used in all forms of electronics from amplifiers, filters, tuned circuits or as part of a power supply system to smooth rectified currents, whereas larger capacitors are used for energy storage, lighting, electric motors, power factor correction in AC power distribution systems. Non-Polarised Capacitors have dielectrics made of Ceramic, Film, Paper, Air, Glass, Silicon or a Vacuum. Polarised Capacitors (electrolytic) are made of Aluminium, Tantalum, Niobium, whilst Super Capacitors are made as a Double Layer, Pseudo or Hybrid of both. Components: Dielectric is an insulating material between two conducting plates of a capacitor which enables electrical charge to be stored. Dielectric examples include porcelain, mica, glass, plastic, metals oxides, dry air, distilled water and a vacuum. The official term, dielectric, was suggested to Michael Faraday by William Whewell in 1848. Electrolyte is the chemical solution used in cells and some capacitors to produce an electrically conductive storage medium. Solid crystalline salts disassociate into paired charged particles when dissolved. In forming a solution, the salt dissociates into charged particles, of which Michael Faraday had given the name “ion”. Used for this purpose in 1884 by Chemist, Svante Arrhenius

Includes: Ceramic, Electrolytic, Elemental, Film, Light Emitting, Super, and Variable. Definition: The Capacitor, C, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Charge and Voltage. Measured in units of Capacitance (C / V, or Farad), C = dq / dV. Capacitors store a wide range of electric charges and consists of a minimum of two conducting surfaces (plates), separated by an insulator (dielectric) and depending on type, may require a vacuum, gas or electrolytic solution. History: The first capacitor, known as the Kleistian jar, then the Leyden jar, condensers or permittors, to capacitors, a two-terminal electrical component to store electricity and at least two electrical conductors (called “plates”) separated by an insulating layer (called the “dielectric”) allowing them to retain a charge. They are used in all forms of electronics from amplifiers, filters, tuned circuits or as part of a power supply system to smooth rectified currents, whereas larger capacitors are used for energy storage, lighting, electric motors, power factor correction in AC power distribution systems. Non-Polarised Capacitors have dielectrics made of Ceramic, Film, Paper, Air, Glass, Silicon or a Vacuum. Polarised Capacitors (electrolytic) are made of Aluminium, Tantalum, Niobium, whilst Super Capacitors are made as a Double Layer, Pseudo or Hybrid of both. Components: Dielectric is an insulating material between two conducting plates of a capacitor which enables electrical charge to be stored. Dielectric examples include porcelain, mica, glass, plastic, metals oxides, dry air, distilled water and a vacuum. The official term, dielectric, was suggested to Michael Faraday by William Whewell in 1848. Electrolyte is the chemical solution used in cells and some capacitors to produce an electrically conductive storage medium. Solid crystalline salts disassociate into paired charged particles when dissolved. In forming a solution, the salt dissociates into charged particles, of which Michael Faraday had given the name “ion”. Used for this purpose in 1884 by Chemist, Svante Arrhenius

Includes: Ceramic, Electrolytic, Elemental, Film, Light Emitting, Super, and Variable. Definition: The Capacitor, C, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Charge and Voltage. Measured in units of Capacitance (C / V, or Farad), C = dq / dV. Capacitors store a wide range of electric charges and consists of a minimum of two conducting surfaces (plates), separated by an insulator (dielectric) and depending on type, may require a vacuum, gas or electrolytic solution. History: The first capacitor, known as the Kleistian jar, then the Leyden jar, condensers or permittors, to capacitors, a two-terminal electrical component to store electricity and at least two electrical conductors (called “plates”) separated by an insulating layer (called the “dielectric”) allowing them to retain a charge. They are used in all forms of electronics from amplifiers, filters, tuned circuits or as part of a power supply system to smooth rectified currents, whereas larger capacitors are used for energy storage, lighting, electric motors, power factor correction in AC power distribution systems. Non-Polarised Capacitors have dielectrics made of Ceramic, Film, Paper, Air, Glass, Silicon or a Vacuum. Polarised Capacitors (electrolytic) are made of Aluminium, Tantalum, Niobium, whilst Super Capacitors are made as a Double Layer, Pseudo or Hybrid of both. Components: Dielectric is an insulating material between two conducting plates of a capacitor which enables electrical charge to be stored. Dielectric examples include porcelain, mica, glass, plastic, metals oxides, dry air, distilled water and a vacuum. The official term, dielectric, was suggested to Michael Faraday by William Whewell in 1848. Electrolyte is the chemical solution used in cells and some capacitors to produce an electrically conductive storage medium. Solid crystalline salts disassociate into paired charged particles when dissolved. In forming a solution, the salt dissociates into charged particles, of which Michael Faraday had given the name “ion”. Used for this purpose in 1884 by Chemist, Svante Arrhenius

Invented in 1745 by Ewald Georg von Kleist.

Invented in 1745 by Ewald Georg von Kleist.

Invented in 1745 by Ewald Georg von Kleist.

Invented in 1745 by Ewald Georg von Kleist.

Invented in 1745 by Ewald Georg von Kleist.

Capacitor, Ceramic

Capacitor, Ceramic

Capacitor, Ceramic

Capacitor, Ceramic

Capacitor, Ceramic

Definition: Ceramic capacitors are made from two or more alternating layers of ceramic and metal in which the ceramic material acts as the dielectric and the metal acts as the electrodes. The ceramic material is a mixture of finely ground granules of paraelectric or ferroelectric materials, modified by mixed oxides that are necessary to achieve the capacitor’s desired characteristics and are divided into two stability classes. Class 1 has high stability with low losses and compensates for temperature within resonant circuits. Class 2 has a high volumetric efficiency for buffering, bypass and coupling applications. The construction of ceramic multilayer capacitors with mostly alternating layers results in single capacitors connected in parallel. This configuration increases capacitance and decreases all losses and parasitic inductances. Ceramic capacitors are suited for high frequencies and high current pulse loads and as the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer can be easily controlled, the desired application voltages are available up to the 30 kV range. Special applications from RFI/EMI suppression to connection to supply mains and three-terminal capacitors for bypassing and decoupling, feed-through capacitors for noise suppression by low-pass filtration and ceramic power capacitors for transmitters.

Definition: Ceramic capacitors are made from two or more alternating layers of ceramic and metal in which the ceramic material acts as the dielectric and the metal acts as the electrodes. The ceramic material is a mixture of finely ground granules of paraelectric or ferroelectric materials, modified by mixed oxides that are necessary to achieve the capacitor’s desired characteristics and are divided into two stability classes. Class 1 has high stability with low losses and compensates for temperature within resonant circuits. Class 2 has a high volumetric efficiency for buffering, bypass and coupling applications. The construction of ceramic multilayer capacitors with mostly alternating layers results in single capacitors connected in parallel. This configuration increases capacitance and decreases all losses and parasitic inductances. Ceramic capacitors are suited for high frequencies and high current pulse loads and as the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer can be easily controlled, the desired application voltages are available up to the 30 kV range. Special applications from RFI/EMI suppression to connection to supply mains and three-terminal capacitors for bypassing and decoupling, feed-through capacitors for noise suppression by low-pass filtration and ceramic power capacitors for transmitters.

Definition: Ceramic capacitors are made from two or more alternating layers of ceramic and metal in which the ceramic material acts as the dielectric and the metal acts as the electrodes. The ceramic material is a mixture of finely ground granules of paraelectric or ferroelectric materials, modified by mixed oxides that are necessary to achieve the capacitor’s desired characteristics and are divided into two stability classes. Class 1 has high stability with low losses and compensates for temperature within resonant circuits. Class 2 has a high volumetric efficiency for buffering, bypass and coupling applications. The construction of ceramic multilayer capacitors with mostly alternating layers results in single capacitors connected in parallel. This configuration increases capacitance and decreases all losses and parasitic inductances. Ceramic capacitors are suited for high frequencies and high current pulse loads and as the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer can be easily controlled, the desired application voltages are available up to the 30 kV range. Special applications from RFI/EMI suppression to connection to supply mains and three-terminal capacitors for bypassing and decoupling, feed-through capacitors for noise suppression by low-pass filtration and ceramic power capacitors for transmitters.

Definition: Ceramic capacitors are made from two or more alternating layers of ceramic and metal in which the ceramic material acts as the dielectric and the metal acts as the electrodes. The ceramic material is a mixture of finely ground granules of paraelectric or ferroelectric materials, modified by mixed oxides that are necessary to achieve the capacitor’s desired characteristics and are divided into two stability classes. Class 1 has high stability with low losses and compensates for temperature within resonant circuits. Class 2 has a high volumetric efficiency for buffering, bypass and coupling applications. The construction of ceramic multilayer capacitors with mostly alternating layers results in single capacitors connected in parallel. This configuration increases capacitance and decreases all losses and parasitic inductances. Ceramic capacitors are suited for high frequencies and high current pulse loads and as the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer can be easily controlled, the desired application voltages are available up to the 30 kV range. Special applications from RFI/EMI suppression to connection to supply mains and three-terminal capacitors for bypassing and decoupling, feed-through capacitors for noise suppression by low-pass filtration and ceramic power capacitors for transmitters.

Definition: Ceramic capacitors are made from two or more alternating layers of ceramic and metal in which the ceramic material acts as the dielectric and the metal acts as the electrodes. The ceramic material is a mixture of finely ground granules of paraelectric or ferroelectric materials, modified by mixed oxides that are necessary to achieve the capacitor’s desired characteristics and are divided into two stability classes. Class 1 has high stability with low losses and compensates for temperature within resonant circuits. Class 2 has a high volumetric efficiency for buffering, bypass and coupling applications. The construction of ceramic multilayer capacitors with mostly alternating layers results in single capacitors connected in parallel. This configuration increases capacitance and decreases all losses and parasitic inductances. Ceramic capacitors are suited for high frequencies and high current pulse loads and as the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer can be easily controlled, the desired application voltages are available up to the 30 kV range. Special applications from RFI/EMI suppression to connection to supply mains and three-terminal capacitors for bypassing and decoupling, feed-through capacitors for noise suppression by low-pass filtration and ceramic power capacitors for transmitters.

Invented in 1900 by Luigi Lombardi.

Invented in 1900 by Luigi Lombardi.

Invented in 1900 by Luigi Lombardi.

Invented in 1900 by Luigi Lombardi.

Invented in 1900 by Luigi Lombardi.

Capacitor, Electrolytic

Capacitor, Electrolytic

Capacitor, Electrolytic

Capacitor, Electrolytic

Capacitor, Electrolytic

Definition: Electrolytic capacitors have a metallic anode covered with an oxidized layer as a dielectric, the second electrode may be non-solid or solid electrolyte resulting in polarised, electrolytic capacitors. Three different dielectrics are used: aluminium oxide, tantalum pentoxide and niobium pentoxide. The anodes have a rough surface to maximise the surface area and maintain a high permittivity of the oxide layer. Electrical conductivity is determined by the electrolyte material and composition as the choice of electrolytes are wet with conductivity of 10 mS/cm or solid manganese oxide has a conductivity of 100 mS/cm, offering high quality and stability.

Definition: Electrolytic capacitors have a metallic anode covered with an oxidized layer as a dielectric, the second electrode may be non-solid or solid electrolyte resulting in polarised, electrolytic capacitors. Three different dielectrics are used: aluminium oxide, tantalum pentoxide and niobium pentoxide. The anodes have a rough surface to maximise the surface area and maintain a high permittivity of the oxide layer. Electrical conductivity is determined by the electrolyte material and composition as the choice of electrolytes are wet with conductivity of 10 mS/cm or solid manganese oxide has a conductivity of 100 mS/cm, offering high quality and stability.

Definition: Electrolytic capacitors have a metallic anode covered with an oxidized layer as a dielectric, the second electrode may be non-solid or solid electrolyte resulting in polarised, electrolytic capacitors. Three different dielectrics are used: aluminium oxide, tantalum pentoxide and niobium pentoxide. The anodes have a rough surface to maximise the surface area and maintain a high permittivity of the oxide layer. Electrical conductivity is determined by the electrolyte material and composition as the choice of electrolytes are wet with conductivity of 10 mS/cm or solid manganese oxide has a conductivity of 100 mS/cm, offering high quality and stability.

Definition: Electrolytic capacitors have a metallic anode covered with an oxidized layer as a dielectric, the second electrode may be non-solid or solid electrolyte resulting in polarised, electrolytic capacitors. Three different dielectrics are used: aluminium oxide, tantalum pentoxide and niobium pentoxide. The anodes have a rough surface to maximise the surface area and maintain a high permittivity of the oxide layer. Electrical conductivity is determined by the electrolyte material and composition as the choice of electrolytes are wet with conductivity of 10 mS/cm or solid manganese oxide has a conductivity of 100 mS/cm, offering high quality and stability.

Definition: Electrolytic capacitors have a metallic anode covered with an oxidized layer as a dielectric, the second electrode may be non-solid or solid electrolyte resulting in polarised, electrolytic capacitors. Three different dielectrics are used: aluminium oxide, tantalum pentoxide and niobium pentoxide. The anodes have a rough surface to maximise the surface area and maintain a high permittivity of the oxide layer. Electrical conductivity is determined by the electrolyte material and composition as the choice of electrolytes are wet with conductivity of 10 mS/cm or solid manganese oxide has a conductivity of 100 mS/cm, offering high quality and stability.

Electrolytic Aluminium

Electrolytic Aluminium

Electrolytic Aluminium

Electrolytic Aluminium

Electrolytic Aluminium

Electrolytic Niobium

Electrolytic Niobium

Electrolytic Niobium

Electrolytic Niobium

Electrolytic Niobium

Electrolytic Tantalum

Electrolytic Tantalum

Electrolytic Tantalum

Electrolytic Tantalum

Electrolytic Tantalum

Invented in 1931 by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld.

Invented in 1931 by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld.

Invented in 1931 by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld.

Invented in 1931 by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld.

Invented in 1931 by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld.

Capacitor, Elemental

Capacitor, Elemental

Capacitor, Elemental

Capacitor, Elemental

Capacitor, Elemental

Definition: Elemental capacitors are comprised of 3 types: Glass, Mica and Vacuum. Glass types have better stability and frequency than silver mica, is ultra-reliable, ultra-stable and resistant to nuclear radiation. Mica types have very high stability, with no aging and low losses. It is used for HF and low VHF, RF circuits. Vacuum types are utilised for extremely low losses, high voltage, high power RF applications and for transmitters and induction heating, also self-healing if the arc-over current is limited.

Definition: Elemental capacitors are comprised of 3 types: Glass, Mica and Vacuum. Glass types have better stability and frequency than silver mica, is ultra-reliable, ultra-stable and resistant to nuclear radiation. Mica types have very high stability, with no aging and low losses. It is used for HF and low VHF, RF circuits. Vacuum types are utilised for extremely low losses, high voltage, high power RF applications and for transmitters and induction heating, also self-healing if the arc-over current is limited.

Definition: Elemental capacitors are comprised of 3 types: Glass, Mica and Vacuum. Glass types have better stability and frequency than silver mica, is ultra-reliable, ultra-stable and resistant to nuclear radiation. Mica types have very high stability, with no aging and low losses. It is used for HF and low VHF, RF circuits. Vacuum types are utilised for extremely low losses, high voltage, high power RF applications and for transmitters and induction heating, also self-healing if the arc-over current is limited.

Definition: Elemental capacitors are comprised of 3 types: Glass, Mica and Vacuum. Glass types have better stability and frequency than silver mica, is ultra-reliable, ultra-stable and resistant to nuclear radiation. Mica types have very high stability, with no aging and low losses. It is used for HF and low VHF, RF circuits. Vacuum types are utilised for extremely low losses, high voltage, high power RF applications and for transmitters and induction heating, also self-healing if the arc-over current is limited.

Definition: Elemental capacitors are comprised of 3 types: Glass, Mica and Vacuum. Glass types have better stability and frequency than silver mica, is ultra-reliable, ultra-stable and resistant to nuclear radiation. Mica types have very high stability, with no aging and low losses. It is used for HF and low VHF, RF circuits. Vacuum types are utilised for extremely low losses, high voltage, high power RF applications and for transmitters and induction heating, also self-healing if the arc-over current is limited.

Elemental Glass

Elemental Glass

Elemental Glass

Elemental Glass

Elemental Glass

Elemental Mica

Elemental Mica

Elemental Mica

Elemental Mica

Elemental Mica

Elemental Vacuum

Elemental Vacuum

Elemental Vacuum

Elemental Vacuum

Elemental Vacuum

Invented in 1909 by William Dubilier.

Invented in 1909 by William Dubilier.

Invented in 1909 by William Dubilier.

Invented in 1909 by William Dubilier.

Invented in 1909 by William Dubilier.

Capacitor, Film

Capacitor, Film

Capacitor, Film

Capacitor, Film

Capacitor, Film

Definition: Film capacitors have four main areas: Paper, PEN (Polyethylene Naphthalate), Polyester and Polypropylene. They possess an insulating plastic film as the dielectric, then drawn to a thin layer, provided with metallic electrodes and wound into a cylindrical winding. These electrodes are commonly metallised aluminium or zinc applied on one or both sides of the plastic film resulting in a metallised film capacitor that benefits from self-healing as shorts between the electrodes do not destroy the component. These film capacitors use two plastic films as the dielectric with each film covered with a thin metal foil, mostly aluminium, to form the electrodes. The advantage of this construction is the ease of connecting the metal foil electrodes, along with an excellent current pulse strength. The inherent geometry of film capacitor structure results in low ohmic losses and a low parasitic inductance, which makes them suitable for applications with high surge currents (snubbers) and for AC power applications, or for applications at higher frequencies.

Definition: Film capacitors have four main areas: Paper, PEN (Polyethylene Naphthalate), Polyester and Polypropylene. They possess an insulating plastic film as the dielectric, then drawn to a thin layer, provided with metallic electrodes and wound into a cylindrical winding. These electrodes are commonly metallised aluminium or zinc applied on one or both sides of the plastic film resulting in a metallised film capacitor that benefits from self-healing as shorts between the electrodes do not destroy the component. These film capacitors use two plastic films as the dielectric with each film covered with a thin metal foil, mostly aluminium, to form the electrodes. The advantage of this construction is the ease of connecting the metal foil electrodes, along with an excellent current pulse strength. The inherent geometry of film capacitor structure results in low ohmic losses and a low parasitic inductance, which makes them suitable for applications with high surge currents (snubbers) and for AC power applications, or for applications at higher frequencies.

Definition: Film capacitors have four main areas: Paper, PEN (Polyethylene Naphthalate), Polyester and Polypropylene. They possess an insulating plastic film as the dielectric, then drawn to a thin layer, provided with metallic electrodes and wound into a cylindrical winding. These electrodes are commonly metallised aluminium or zinc applied on one or both sides of the plastic film resulting in a metallised film capacitor that benefits from self-healing as shorts between the electrodes do not destroy the component. These film capacitors use two plastic films as the dielectric with each film covered with a thin metal foil, mostly aluminium, to form the electrodes. The advantage of this construction is the ease of connecting the metal foil electrodes, along with an excellent current pulse strength. The inherent geometry of film capacitor structure results in low ohmic losses and a low parasitic inductance, which makes them suitable for applications with high surge currents (snubbers) and for AC power applications, or for applications at higher frequencies.

Definition: Film capacitors have four main areas: Paper, PEN (Polyethylene Naphthalate), Polyester and Polypropylene. They possess an insulating plastic film as the dielectric, then drawn to a thin layer, provided with metallic electrodes and wound into a cylindrical winding. These electrodes are commonly metallised aluminium or zinc applied on one or both sides of the plastic film resulting in a metallised film capacitor that benefits from self-healing as shorts between the electrodes do not destroy the component. These film capacitors use two plastic films as the dielectric with each film covered with a thin metal foil, mostly aluminium, to form the electrodes. The advantage of this construction is the ease of connecting the metal foil electrodes, along with an excellent current pulse strength. The inherent geometry of film capacitor structure results in low ohmic losses and a low parasitic inductance, which makes them suitable for applications with high surge currents (snubbers) and for AC power applications, or for applications at higher frequencies.

Definition: Film capacitors have four main areas: Paper, PEN (Polyethylene Naphthalate), Polyester and Polypropylene. They possess an insulating plastic film as the dielectric, then drawn to a thin layer, provided with metallic electrodes and wound into a cylindrical winding. These electrodes are commonly metallised aluminium or zinc applied on one or both sides of the plastic film resulting in a metallised film capacitor that benefits from self-healing as shorts between the electrodes do not destroy the component. These film capacitors use two plastic films as the dielectric with each film covered with a thin metal foil, mostly aluminium, to form the electrodes. The advantage of this construction is the ease of connecting the metal foil electrodes, along with an excellent current pulse strength. The inherent geometry of film capacitor structure results in low ohmic losses and a low parasitic inductance, which makes them suitable for applications with high surge currents (snubbers) and for AC power applications, or for applications at higher frequencies.

Paper

Paper

Paper

Paper

Paper

PEN

PEN

PEN

PEN

PEN

Polyester

Polyester

Polyester

Polyester

Polyester

Polypropylene

Polypropylene

Polypropylene

Polypropylene

Polypropylene

Invented in 1876 by Desmond Gerald Fitzgerald.

Invented in 1876 by Desmond Gerald Fitzgerald.

Invented in 1876 by Desmond Gerald Fitzgerald.

Invented in 1876 by Desmond Gerald Fitzgerald.

Invented in 1876 by Desmond Gerald Fitzgerald.

Capacitor, Light Emitting

Capacitor, Light Emitting

Capacitor, Light Emitting

Capacitor, Light Emitting

Capacitor, Light Emitting

Definition: The Light Emitting Capacitor (LEC), also known as an electroluminescent light source, produces light when phosphor crystals are excited by an electric current. Manufactured in layers of polyester films of Indium Tin Oxide, silver, phosphor, Barium Titanate (Dielectric) and carbon. Electroluminescent strips and panels are found in LCD backlights, wall, ceiling and strip lighting and is currently manufactured in 1 metre by 400 metre rolls.

Definition: The Light Emitting Capacitor (LEC), also known as an electroluminescent light source, produces light when phosphor crystals are excited by an electric current. Manufactured in layers of polyester films of Indium Tin Oxide, silver, phosphor, Barium Titanate (Dielectric) and carbon. Electroluminescent strips and panels are found in LCD backlights, wall, ceiling and strip lighting and is currently manufactured in 1 metre by 400 metre rolls.

Definition: The Light Emitting Capacitor (LEC), also known as an electroluminescent light source, produces light when phosphor crystals are excited by an electric current. Manufactured in layers of polyester films of Indium Tin Oxide, silver, phosphor, Barium Titanate (Dielectric) and carbon. Electroluminescent strips and panels are found in LCD backlights, wall, ceiling and strip lighting and is currently manufactured in 1 metre by 400 metre rolls.

Definition: The Light Emitting Capacitor (LEC), also known as an electroluminescent light source, produces light when phosphor crystals are excited by an electric current. Manufactured in layers of polyester films of Indium Tin Oxide, silver, phosphor, Barium Titanate (Dielectric) and carbon. Electroluminescent strips and panels are found in LCD backlights, wall, ceiling and strip lighting and is currently manufactured in 1 metre by 400 metre rolls.

Definition: The Light Emitting Capacitor (LEC), also known as an electroluminescent light source, produces light when phosphor crystals are excited by an electric current. Manufactured in layers of polyester films of Indium Tin Oxide, silver, phosphor, Barium Titanate (Dielectric) and carbon. Electroluminescent strips and panels are found in LCD backlights, wall, ceiling and strip lighting and is currently manufactured in 1 metre by 400 metre rolls.

Invented in 1936 by George Destriau.

Invented in 1936 by George Destriau.

Invented in 1936 by George Destriau.

Invented in 1936 by George Destriau.

Invented in 1936 by George Destriau.

Capacitor, Super

Capacitor, Super

Capacitor, Super

Capacitor, Super

Capacitor, Super

Definition: Super capacitors have 3 distinct areas of development, Double Layer, Pseudo and Hybrid. They are from a family of electrochemical capacitors. Supercapacitors comprise of double-layer, pseudo and hybrid capacitors. Without a conventional solid dielectric, the capacitance of an electrochemical capacitor is determined by two storage principles, both of which contribute to the total capacitance of the capacitor. Storage is achieved by separation of charge in a Helmholtz double layer at the interface between the surface of a conductor and an electrolytic solution. The distance of separation of this electrostatic charge in a double-layer is on the order of 300 to 800 pm). Pseudocapacitance maintains storage achieved by redox reactions and intercalation on the surface of the electrode or by the adsorpted ions that results in a reversible faradaic charge-transfer. Supercapacitors are divided into three families, based on the design of the electrodes, Double-layer capacitors with carbon electrodes, Pseudocapacitors with electrodes of metal oxides or conducting polymers and Hybrid capacitors with asymmetric electrodes that exhibit both significant double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance, such as lithium-ion capacitors. Supercapacitors bridge the gap between conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries and have the highest available capacitance values per unit volume of all capacitors. They support up to 12,000 Farads/1.2 Volt and whilst existing supercapacitors have energy densities at 10 percent of a conventional battery, their power density is 10 to 100 times greater and results in much shorter charge/discharge cycles than a battery is capable, and a greater tolerance for numerous charge/discharge cycles. This makes them well-suited for parallel connection with batteries, and may improve battery performance in terms of power density.

Definition: Super capacitors have 3 distinct areas of development, Double Layer, Pseudo and Hybrid. They are from a family of electrochemical capacitors. Supercapacitors comprise of double-layer, pseudo and hybrid capacitors. Without a conventional solid dielectric, the capacitance of an electrochemical capacitor is determined by two storage principles, both of which contribute to the total capacitance of the capacitor. Storage is achieved by separation of charge in a Helmholtz double layer at the interface between the surface of a conductor and an electrolytic solution. The distance of separation of this electrostatic charge in a double-layer is on the order of 300 to 800 pm). Pseudocapacitance maintains storage achieved by redox reactions and intercalation on the surface of the electrode or by the adsorpted ions that results in a reversible faradaic charge-transfer. Supercapacitors are divided into three families, based on the design of the electrodes, Double-layer capacitors with carbon electrodes, Pseudocapacitors with electrodes of metal oxides or conducting polymers and Hybrid capacitors with asymmetric electrodes that exhibit both significant double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance, such as lithium-ion capacitors. Supercapacitors bridge the gap between conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries and have the highest available capacitance values per unit volume of all capacitors. They support up to 12,000 Farads/1.2 Volt and whilst existing supercapacitors have energy densities at 10 percent of a conventional battery, their power density is 10 to 100 times greater and results in much shorter charge/discharge cycles than a battery is capable, and a greater tolerance for numerous charge/discharge cycles. This makes them well-suited for parallel connection with batteries, and may improve battery performance in terms of power density.

Definition: Super capacitors have 3 distinct areas of development, Double Layer, Pseudo and Hybrid. They are from a family of electrochemical capacitors. Supercapacitors comprise of double-layer, pseudo and hybrid capacitors. Without a conventional solid dielectric, the capacitance of an electrochemical capacitor is determined by two storage principles, both of which contribute to the total capacitance of the capacitor. Storage is achieved by separation of charge in a Helmholtz double layer at the interface between the surface of a conductor and an electrolytic solution. The distance of separation of this electrostatic charge in a double-layer is on the order of 300 to 800 pm). Pseudocapacitance maintains storage achieved by redox reactions and intercalation on the surface of the electrode or by the adsorpted ions that results in a reversible faradaic charge-transfer. Supercapacitors are divided into three families, based on the design of the electrodes, Double-layer capacitors with carbon electrodes, Pseudocapacitors with electrodes of metal oxides or conducting polymers and Hybrid capacitors with asymmetric electrodes that exhibit both significant double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance, such as lithium-ion capacitors. Supercapacitors bridge the gap between conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries and have the highest available capacitance values per unit volume of all capacitors. They support up to 12,000 Farads/1.2 Volt and whilst existing supercapacitors have energy densities at 10 percent of a conventional battery, their power density is 10 to 100 times greater and results in much shorter charge/discharge cycles than a battery is capable, and a greater tolerance for numerous charge/discharge cycles. This makes them well-suited for parallel connection with batteries, and may improve battery performance in terms of power density.

Definition: Super capacitors have 3 distinct areas of development, Double Layer, Pseudo and Hybrid. They are from a family of electrochemical capacitors. Supercapacitors comprise of double-layer, pseudo and hybrid capacitors. Without a conventional solid dielectric, the capacitance of an electrochemical capacitor is determined by two storage principles, both of which contribute to the total capacitance of the capacitor. Storage is achieved by separation of charge in a Helmholtz double layer at the interface between the surface of a conductor and an electrolytic solution. The distance of separation of this electrostatic charge in a double-layer is on the order of 300 to 800 pm). Pseudocapacitance maintains storage achieved by redox reactions and intercalation on the surface of the electrode or by the adsorpted ions that results in a reversible faradaic charge-transfer. Supercapacitors are divided into three families, based on the design of the electrodes, Double-layer capacitors with carbon electrodes, Pseudocapacitors with electrodes of metal oxides or conducting polymers and Hybrid capacitors with asymmetric electrodes that exhibit both significant double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance, such as lithium-ion capacitors. Supercapacitors bridge the gap between conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries and have the highest available capacitance values per unit volume of all capacitors. They support up to 12,000 Farads/1.2 Volt and whilst existing supercapacitors have energy densities at 10 percent of a conventional battery, their power density is 10 to 100 times greater and results in much shorter charge/discharge cycles than a battery is capable, and a greater tolerance for numerous charge/discharge cycles. This makes them well-suited for parallel connection with batteries, and may improve battery performance in terms of power density.

Definition: Super capacitors have 3 distinct areas of development, Double Layer, Pseudo and Hybrid. They are from a family of electrochemical capacitors. Supercapacitors comprise of double-layer, pseudo and hybrid capacitors. Without a conventional solid dielectric, the capacitance of an electrochemical capacitor is determined by two storage principles, both of which contribute to the total capacitance of the capacitor. Storage is achieved by separation of charge in a Helmholtz double layer at the interface between the surface of a conductor and an electrolytic solution. The distance of separation of this electrostatic charge in a double-layer is on the order of 300 to 800 pm). Pseudocapacitance maintains storage achieved by redox reactions and intercalation on the surface of the electrode or by the adsorpted ions that results in a reversible faradaic charge-transfer. Supercapacitors are divided into three families, based on the design of the electrodes, Double-layer capacitors with carbon electrodes, Pseudocapacitors with electrodes of metal oxides or conducting polymers and Hybrid capacitors with asymmetric electrodes that exhibit both significant double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance, such as lithium-ion capacitors. Supercapacitors bridge the gap between conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries and have the highest available capacitance values per unit volume of all capacitors. They support up to 12,000 Farads/1.2 Volt and whilst existing supercapacitors have energy densities at 10 percent of a conventional battery, their power density is 10 to 100 times greater and results in much shorter charge/discharge cycles than a battery is capable, and a greater tolerance for numerous charge/discharge cycles. This makes them well-suited for parallel connection with batteries, and may improve battery performance in terms of power density.

Double Layer

Double Layer

Double Layer

Double Layer

Double Layer

Hybrid

Hybrid

Hybrid

Hybrid

Hybrid

Pseudo

Pseudo

Pseudo

Pseudo

Pseudo

Invented in 1991 by Brian Evans Conway.

Invented in 1991 by Brian Evans Conway.

Invented in 1991 by Brian Evans Conway.

Invented in 1991 by Brian Evans Conway.

Invented in 1991 by Brian Evans Conway.

Capacitor, Variable

Capacitor, Variable

Capacitor, Variable

Capacitor, Variable

Capacitor, Variable

Definition: Variable capacitors are an air capacitor and change capacitance by mechanical motion, two versions of variable capacitors are available, the tuning capacitor to select a wide capacitance range or a trimmer capacitor to fine tune a narrow band, usually for one-time oscillator circuit internal adjustments. Variable capacitors use a mechanical construction to change the distance between the plates or the amount of plate surface area will overlap and commonly use air as a dielectric medium. Variable capacitance diodes are now used to change capacitance as a function of the applied reverse bias voltage and are used like a variable capacitor and are favoured to replace tuning and trimmer capacitors.

Definition: Variable capacitors are an air capacitor and change capacitance by mechanical motion, two versions of variable capacitors are available, the tuning capacitor to select a wide capacitance range or a trimmer capacitor to fine tune a narrow band, usually for one-time oscillator circuit internal adjustments. Variable capacitors use a mechanical construction to change the distance between the plates or the amount of plate surface area will overlap and commonly use air as a dielectric medium. Variable capacitance diodes are now used to change capacitance as a function of the applied reverse bias voltage and are used like a variable capacitor and are favoured to replace tuning and trimmer capacitors.

Definition: Variable capacitors are an air capacitor and change capacitance by mechanical motion, two versions of variable capacitors are available, the tuning capacitor to select a wide capacitance range or a trimmer capacitor to fine tune a narrow band, usually for one-time oscillator circuit internal adjustments. Variable capacitors use a mechanical construction to change the distance between the plates or the amount of plate surface area will overlap and commonly use air as a dielectric medium. Variable capacitance diodes are now used to change capacitance as a function of the applied reverse bias voltage and are used like a variable capacitor and are favoured to replace tuning and trimmer capacitors.

Definition: Variable capacitors are an air capacitor and change capacitance by mechanical motion, two versions of variable capacitors are available, the tuning capacitor to select a wide capacitance range or a trimmer capacitor to fine tune a narrow band, usually for one-time oscillator circuit internal adjustments. Variable capacitors use a mechanical construction to change the distance between the plates or the amount of plate surface area will overlap and commonly use air as a dielectric medium. Variable capacitance diodes are now used to change capacitance as a function of the applied reverse bias voltage and are used like a variable capacitor and are favoured to replace tuning and trimmer capacitors.

Definition: Variable capacitors are an air capacitor and change capacitance by mechanical motion, two versions of variable capacitors are available, the tuning capacitor to select a wide capacitance range or a trimmer capacitor to fine tune a narrow band, usually for one-time oscillator circuit internal adjustments. Variable capacitors use a mechanical construction to change the distance between the plates or the amount of plate surface area will overlap and commonly use air as a dielectric medium. Variable capacitance diodes are now used to change capacitance as a function of the applied reverse bias voltage and are used like a variable capacitor and are favoured to replace tuning and trimmer capacitors.

Invented in 1893 by Dezső Korda.

Invented in 1893 by Dezső Korda.

Invented in 1893 by Dezső Korda.

Invented in 1893 by Dezső Korda.

Invented in 1893 by Dezső Korda.

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

Inductors, an overview

Inductors, an overview

Inductors, an overview

Inductors, an overview

Inductors, an overview

Includes: Air, Ferromagnetic, and Variable. Definition: The Inductor, L, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Current and Flux. Measured in units of Inductance (Wb / A, or Henry), L = d Φm / dl. This electrical device is a wound spiral of two or more turns of insulated wire, used to introduce inductance into a circuit, produce a magnetic field from current flow, or to respond to a changing magnetic field by producing a voltage or mechanical motion, designed to provide a specific amount of inductance by the configuration of a coil with a core of either air or a combination of a nickel, iron, molybdenum, aluminium, silicon or boron.

Includes: Air, Ferromagnetic, and Variable. Definition: The Inductor, L, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Current and Flux. Measured in units of Inductance (Wb / A, or Henry), L = d Φm / dl. This electrical device is a wound spiral of two or more turns of insulated wire, used to introduce inductance into a circuit, produce a magnetic field from current flow, or to respond to a changing magnetic field by producing a voltage or mechanical motion, designed to provide a specific amount of inductance by the configuration of a coil with a core of either air or a combination of a nickel, iron, molybdenum, aluminium, silicon or boron.

Includes: Air, Ferromagnetic, and Variable. Definition: The Inductor, L, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Current and Flux. Measured in units of Inductance (Wb / A, or Henry), L = d Φm / dl. This electrical device is a wound spiral of two or more turns of insulated wire, used to introduce inductance into a circuit, produce a magnetic field from current flow, or to respond to a changing magnetic field by producing a voltage or mechanical motion, designed to provide a specific amount of inductance by the configuration of a coil with a core of either air or a combination of a nickel, iron, molybdenum, aluminium, silicon or boron.

Includes: Air, Ferromagnetic, and Variable. Definition: The Inductor, L, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Current and Flux. Measured in units of Inductance (Wb / A, or Henry), L = d Φm / dl. This electrical device is a wound spiral of two or more turns of insulated wire, used to introduce inductance into a circuit, produce a magnetic field from current flow, or to respond to a changing magnetic field by producing a voltage or mechanical motion, designed to provide a specific amount of inductance by the configuration of a coil with a core of either air or a combination of a nickel, iron, molybdenum, aluminium, silicon or boron.

Includes: Air, Ferromagnetic, and Variable. Definition: The Inductor, L, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Current and Flux. Measured in units of Inductance (Wb / A, or Henry), L = d Φm / dl. This electrical device is a wound spiral of two or more turns of insulated wire, used to introduce inductance into a circuit, produce a magnetic field from current flow, or to respond to a changing magnetic field by producing a voltage or mechanical motion, designed to provide a specific amount of inductance by the configuration of a coil with a core of either air or a combination of a nickel, iron, molybdenum, aluminium, silicon or boron.

Invented in 1831 by Michael Faraday.

Invented in 1831 by Michael Faraday.

Invented in 1831 by Michael Faraday.

Invented in 1831 by Michael Faraday.

Invented in 1831 by Michael Faraday.

Inductor, Air

Inductor, Air

Inductor, Air

Inductor, Air

Inductor, Air

Definition: Air inductors are a type of coil, that has an inductance that is unaffected by carrying current. Most radio transmitters rely on air coils to prevent the production of harmonics, they are free of “iron losses”, which affect ferromagnetic cores and as frequency is increased to as high as 1 GHz, the efficiency, Q-factor and power handling is improved with less distortion. Single layer inductors have an advantage of low self-capacitance and thus high self-resonant frequency.

Definition: Air inductors are a type of coil, that has an inductance that is unaffected by carrying current. Most radio transmitters rely on air coils to prevent the production of harmonics, they are free of “iron losses”, which affect ferromagnetic cores and as frequency is increased to as high as 1 GHz, the efficiency, Q-factor and power handling is improved with less distortion. Single layer inductors have an advantage of low self-capacitance and thus high self-resonant frequency.

Definition: Air inductors are a type of coil, that has an inductance that is unaffected by carrying current. Most radio transmitters rely on air coils to prevent the production of harmonics, they are free of “iron losses”, which affect ferromagnetic cores and as frequency is increased to as high as 1 GHz, the efficiency, Q-factor and power handling is improved with less distortion. Single layer inductors have an advantage of low self-capacitance and thus high self-resonant frequency.

Definition: Air inductors are a type of coil, that has an inductance that is unaffected by carrying current. Most radio transmitters rely on air coils to prevent the production of harmonics, they are free of “iron losses”, which affect ferromagnetic cores and as frequency is increased to as high as 1 GHz, the efficiency, Q-factor and power handling is improved with less distortion. Single layer inductors have an advantage of low self-capacitance and thus high self-resonant frequency.

Definition: Air inductors are a type of coil, that has an inductance that is unaffected by carrying current. Most radio transmitters rely on air coils to prevent the production of harmonics, they are free of “iron losses”, which affect ferromagnetic cores and as frequency is increased to as high as 1 GHz, the efficiency, Q-factor and power handling is improved with less distortion. Single layer inductors have an advantage of low self-capacitance and thus high self-resonant frequency.

Invented in 1831 by Michael Faraday.

Invented in 1831 by Michael Faraday.

Invented in 1831 by Michael Faraday.

Invented in 1831 by Michael Faraday.

Invented in 1831 by Michael Faraday.

Inductor, Ferromagnetic

Inductor, Ferromagnetic

Inductor, Ferromagnetic

Inductor, Ferromagnetic

Inductor, Ferromagnetic

Definition: Using an iron or ferrite core to increase the inductance, these inductors allow for a high inductance value with a limit of high frequency capacity due to hysteresis and eddy current losses. An increase the inductance of a coil by a factor of several thousand is achievable by utilising a magnetic core to increase the magnetic field. When an iron core is made with steel sheets, parallel to the magnetic field, the design, aims to block eddy currents between the plates, minimise energy losses and are primarily used for low frequencies in power transformer applications.

Definition: Using an iron or ferrite core to increase the inductance, these inductors allow for a high inductance value with a limit of high frequency capacity due to hysteresis and eddy current losses. An increase the inductance of a coil by a factor of several thousand is achievable by utilising a magnetic core to increase the magnetic field. When an iron core is made with steel sheets, parallel to the magnetic field, the design, aims to block eddy currents between the plates, minimise energy losses and are primarily used for low frequencies in power transformer applications.

Definition: Using an iron or ferrite core to increase the inductance, these inductors allow for a high inductance value with a limit of high frequency capacity due to hysteresis and eddy current losses. An increase the inductance of a coil by a factor of several thousand is achievable by utilising a magnetic core to increase the magnetic field. When an iron core is made with steel sheets, parallel to the magnetic field, the design, aims to block eddy currents between the plates, minimise energy losses and are primarily used for low frequencies in power transformer applications.

Definition: Using an iron or ferrite core to increase the inductance, these inductors allow for a high inductance value with a limit of high frequency capacity due to hysteresis and eddy current losses. An increase the inductance of a coil by a factor of several thousand is achievable by utilising a magnetic core to increase the magnetic field. When an iron core is made with steel sheets, parallel to the magnetic field, the design, aims to block eddy currents between the plates, minimise energy losses and are primarily used for low frequencies in power transformer applications.

Definition: Using an iron or ferrite core to increase the inductance, these inductors allow for a high inductance value with a limit of high frequency capacity due to hysteresis and eddy current losses. An increase the inductance of a coil by a factor of several thousand is achievable by utilising a magnetic core to increase the magnetic field. When an iron core is made with steel sheets, parallel to the magnetic field, the design, aims to block eddy currents between the plates, minimise energy losses and are primarily used for low frequencies in power transformer applications.

Invented in 1836 by Nicholas Callan.

Invented in 1836 by Nicholas Callan.

Invented in 1836 by Nicholas Callan.

Invented in 1836 by Nicholas Callan.

Invented in 1836 by Nicholas Callan.

Inductor, Variable

Inductor, Variable

Inductor, Variable

Inductor, Variable

Inductor, Variable

Definition: Adjustable inductors vary impeding, shortening or maintaining length of the conductor. In a variometer, a pair of coils are arranged for one axis to be rotated relative to the other, altering their mutual inductance. When a magnetic field is present, in full or partial opposition, inductance cancellation results in negative mutual inductance. When this field is in addition, this will result in positive mutual inductance. When the axes of the two coils are at right angles, mutual inductance is zero. Roller inductors, have a conductor length that reduces as the inductance is reduced (unused turns are magnetically coupled) maintaining a minimum RF resistance and allowing for high Q at low inductance. Inductors with a stationary coil and internal arm, have the advantage of not requiring brush contacts for coil connections, resulting in a lower ESR than a roller inductor.

Definition: Adjustable inductors vary impeding, shortening or maintaining length of the conductor. In a variometer, a pair of coils are arranged for one axis to be rotated relative to the other, altering their mutual inductance. When a magnetic field is present, in full or partial opposition, inductance cancellation results in negative mutual inductance. When this field is in addition, this will result in positive mutual inductance. When the axes of the two coils are at right angles, mutual inductance is zero. Roller inductors, have a conductor length that reduces as the inductance is reduced (unused turns are magnetically coupled) maintaining a minimum RF resistance and allowing for high Q at low inductance. Inductors with a stationary coil and internal arm, have the advantage of not requiring brush contacts for coil connections, resulting in a lower ESR than a roller inductor.

Definition: Adjustable inductors vary impeding, shortening or maintaining length of the conductor. In a variometer, a pair of coils are arranged for one axis to be rotated relative to the other, altering their mutual inductance. When a magnetic field is present, in full or partial opposition, inductance cancellation results in negative mutual inductance. When this field is in addition, this will result in positive mutual inductance. When the axes of the two coils are at right angles, mutual inductance is zero. Roller inductors, have a conductor length that reduces as the inductance is reduced (unused turns are magnetically coupled) maintaining a minimum RF resistance and allowing for high Q at low inductance. Inductors with a stationary coil and internal arm, have the advantage of not requiring brush contacts for coil connections, resulting in a lower ESR than a roller inductor.

Definition: Adjustable inductors vary impeding, shortening or maintaining length of the conductor. In a variometer, a pair of coils are arranged for one axis to be rotated relative to the other, altering their mutual inductance. When a magnetic field is present, in full or partial opposition, inductance cancellation results in negative mutual inductance. When this field is in addition, this will result in positive mutual inductance. When the axes of the two coils are at right angles, mutual inductance is zero. Roller inductors, have a conductor length that reduces as the inductance is reduced (unused turns are magnetically coupled) maintaining a minimum RF resistance and allowing for high Q at low inductance. Inductors with a stationary coil and internal arm, have the advantage of not requiring brush contacts for coil connections, resulting in a lower ESR than a roller inductor.

Definition: Adjustable inductors vary impeding, shortening or maintaining length of the conductor. In a variometer, a pair of coils are arranged for one axis to be rotated relative to the other, altering their mutual inductance. When a magnetic field is present, in full or partial opposition, inductance cancellation results in negative mutual inductance. When this field is in addition, this will result in positive mutual inductance. When the axes of the two coils are at right angles, mutual inductance is zero. Roller inductors, have a conductor length that reduces as the inductance is reduced (unused turns are magnetically coupled) maintaining a minimum RF resistance and allowing for high Q at low inductance. Inductors with a stationary coil and internal arm, have the advantage of not requiring brush contacts for coil connections, resulting in a lower ESR than a roller inductor.

Invented in 1838 by Charles Grafton Page.

Invented in 1838 by Charles Grafton Page.

Invented in 1838 by Charles Grafton Page.

Invented in 1838 by Charles Grafton Page.

Invented in 1838 by Charles Grafton Page.

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

Transformers, an overview

Transformers, an overview

Transformers, an overview

Transformers, an overview

Transformers, an overview

Includes: Auto, Centre-Tapped, Polyphase, Step, and Variable. Definition: A device used to transfer electric energy from one circuit to another, especially a pair of multiply wound, inductively coupled wire coils that effect such a transfer with a change in voltage, current, phase, or other electric characteristic.

Includes: Air, Ferromagnetic, and Variable. Definition: The Inductor, L, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Current and Flux. Measured in units of Inductance (Wb / A, or Henry), L = d Φm / dl. This electrical device is a wound spiral of two or more turns of insulated wire, used to introduce inductance into a circuit, produce a magnetic field from current flow, or to respond to a changing magnetic field by producing a voltage or mechanical motion, designed to provide a specific amount of inductance by the configuration of a coil with a core of either air or a combination of a nickel, iron, molybdenum, aluminium, silicon or boron.

Includes: Air, Ferromagnetic, and Variable. Definition: The Inductor, L, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Current and Flux. Measured in units of Inductance (Wb / A, or Henry), L = d Φm / dl. This electrical device is a wound spiral of two or more turns of insulated wire, used to introduce inductance into a circuit, produce a magnetic field from current flow, or to respond to a changing magnetic field by producing a voltage or mechanical motion, designed to provide a specific amount of inductance by the configuration of a coil with a core of either air or a combination of a nickel, iron, molybdenum, aluminium, silicon or boron.

Includes: Air, Ferromagnetic, and Variable. Definition: The Inductor, L, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Current and Flux. Measured in units of Inductance (Wb / A, or Henry), L = d Φm / dl. This electrical device is a wound spiral of two or more turns of insulated wire, used to introduce inductance into a circuit, produce a magnetic field from current flow, or to respond to a changing magnetic field by producing a voltage or mechanical motion, designed to provide a specific amount of inductance by the configuration of a coil with a core of either air or a combination of a nickel, iron, molybdenum, aluminium, silicon or boron.

Includes: Air, Ferromagnetic, and Variable. Definition: The Inductor, L, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Current and Flux. Measured in units of Inductance (Wb / A, or Henry), L = d Φm / dl. This electrical device is a wound spiral of two or more turns of insulated wire, used to introduce inductance into a circuit, produce a magnetic field from current flow, or to respond to a changing magnetic field by producing a voltage or mechanical motion, designed to provide a specific amount of inductance by the configuration of a coil with a core of either air or a combination of a nickel, iron, molybdenum, aluminium, silicon or boron.

Invented in 1836 by Nicholas Callan.

Invented in 1836 by Nicholas Callan.

Invented in 1836 by Nicholas Callan.

Invented in 1836 by Nicholas Callan.

Invented in 1836 by Nicholas Callan.

Core Types

	AIR	DUST	FERRITE	LIQUID	SOLID

Core Types

	AIR	DUST	FERRITE	LIQUID	SOLID

Core Types

	AIR	DUST	FERRITE	LIQUID	SOLID

Core Types

	AIR	DUST	FERRITE	LIQUID	SOLID

Core Types

	AIR	DUST	FERRITE	LIQUID	SOLID

Transformer, Auto

Transformer, Auto

Transformer, Auto

Transformer, Auto

Transformer, Auto

Definition: Continuous windings in both the input and output circuits. Used to step-down or step-up voltages to predetermined levels with limited losses, lower excitation current and increased KVA rating.

Definition: Continuous windings in both the input and output circuits. Used to step-down or step-up voltages to predetermined levels with limited losses, lower excitation current and increased KVA rating.

Definition: Continuous windings in both the input and output circuits. Used to step-down or step-up voltages to predetermined levels with limited losses, lower excitation current and increased KVA rating.

Definition: Continuous windings in both the input and output circuits. Used to step-down or step-up voltages to predetermined levels with limited losses, lower excitation current and increased KVA rating.

Definition: Continuous windings in both the input and output circuits. Used to step-down or step-up voltages to predetermined levels with limited losses, lower excitation current and increased KVA rating.

Transformer, Centre-Tapped

Transformer, Centre-Tapped

Transformer, Centre-Tapped

Transformer, Centre-Tapped

Transformer, Centre-Tapped

Definition: Possess shared electrically coupled properties of the secondary windings.

Definition: Possess shared electrically coupled properties of the secondary windings.

Definition: Possess shared electrically coupled properties of the secondary windings.

Definition: Possess shared electrically coupled properties of the secondary windings.

Definition: Possess shared electrically coupled properties of the secondary windings.

Transformer, Polyphase

Transformer, Polyphase

Transformer, Polyphase

Transformer, Polyphase

Transformer, Polyphase

Definition: Multiple Step Transformers with identical primary and/or secondary windings which can be configured in Star (Υ) with an additional common connection, allowing for multiple voltages i.e. 415 and 240, or Delta (Δ) configurations, Υ Υ, Υ Δ, Δ Υ or Δ Δ.

Definition: Multiple Step Transformers with identical primary and/or secondary windings which can be configured in Star (Υ) with an additional common connection, allowing for multiple voltages i.e. 415 and 240, or Delta (Δ) configurations, Υ Υ, Υ Δ, Δ Υ or Δ Δ.

Definition: Multiple Step Transformers with identical primary and/or secondary windings which can be configured in Star (Υ) with an additional common connection, allowing for multiple voltages i.e. 415 and 240, or Delta (Δ) configurations, Υ Υ, Υ Δ, Δ Υ or Δ Δ.

Definition: Multiple Step Transformers with identical primary and/or secondary windings which can be configured in Star (Υ) with an additional common connection, allowing for multiple voltages i.e. 415 and 240, or Delta (Δ) configurations, Υ Υ, Υ Δ, Δ Υ or Δ Δ.

Definition: Multiple Step Transformers with identical primary and/or secondary windings which can be configured in Star (Υ) with an additional common connection, allowing for multiple voltages i.e. 415 and 240, or Delta (Δ) configurations, Υ Υ, Υ Δ, Δ Υ or Δ Δ.

Transformer, Step

Transformer, Step

Transformer, Step

Transformer, Step

Transformer, Step

Definition: Comprised of three different types that are dependent on the primary to secondary winding ratios: Step Up Transformers have a greater secondary winding percentage, Step Down Transformers have a greater primary winding percentage. The third, Isolation Transformers, have identical primary and secondary windings.

Definition: Comprised of three different types that are dependent on the primary to secondary winding ratios: Step Up Transformers have a greater secondary winding percentage, Step Down Transformers have a greater primary winding percentage. The third, Isolation Transformers, have identical primary and secondary windings.

Definition: Comprised of three different types that are dependent on the primary to secondary winding ratios: Step Up Transformers have a greater secondary winding percentage, Step Down Transformers have a greater primary winding percentage. The third, Isolation Transformers, have identical primary and secondary windings.

Definition: Comprised of three different types that are dependent on the primary to secondary winding ratios: Step Up Transformers have a greater secondary winding percentage, Step Down Transformers have a greater primary winding percentage. The third, Isolation Transformers, have identical primary and secondary windings.

Definition: Comprised of three different types that are dependent on the primary to secondary winding ratios: Step Up Transformers have a greater secondary winding percentage, Step Down Transformers have a greater primary winding percentage. The third, Isolation Transformers, have identical primary and secondary windings.

Transformer, Variable

Transformer, Variable

Transformer, Variable

Transformer, Variable

Transformer, Variable

Definition: Defined as any transformer with windings that can be calibrated or adjusted without interfering with core type, insulator or conductor properties.

Definition: Defined as any transformer with windings that can be calibrated or adjusted without interfering with core type, insulator or conductor properties.

Definition: Defined as any transformer with windings that can be calibrated or adjusted without interfering with core type, insulator or conductor properties.

Definition: Defined as any transformer with windings that can be calibrated or adjusted without interfering with core type, insulator or conductor properties.

Definition: Defined as any transformer with windings that can be calibrated or adjusted without interfering with core type, insulator or conductor properties.

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

Memristors, an overview

Memristors, an overview

Memristors, an overview

Memristors, an overview

Memristors, an overview

Definition: The Memristor, M, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Flux and Charge. Measured in units of Memristance (Wb / C, or Ohms), M = d Φm / dq. Discovered in 1971 by Leon Chua, Physicist, Memristors are a fundamental switch that remembers the last electrical state. This junction, built on a layer of Platinum (Pt), has a layer of “resistive”, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), with an upper layer of oxygen deficient, “conductive”, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2-x) and is capped with an upper layer of Platinum. When a positive voltage is applied, oxygen vacancies in the top layer of TiO2-x are repelled into the lower layer of Ti O2, inverting the polarity of the junction and turns the memristor on. By applying a negative voltage, oxygen vacancies are repelled to the top layer and turns the memristor on, creating a perfect binary bit. A memristor device, as a passive, non-volatile memory, is built from a matrix of memristor junctions formed by crossbars of the TiO2 and TiO2-x materials and providing voltage to vectors, encoding a 2 or 3 dimensional device.

Definition: The Memristor, M, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Flux and Charge. Measured in units of Memristance (Wb / C, or Ohms), M = d Φm / dq. Discovered in 1971 by Leon Chua, Physicist, Memristors are a fundamental switch that remembers the last electrical state. This junction, built on a layer of Platinum (Pt), has a layer of “resistive”, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), with an upper layer of oxygen deficient, “conductive”, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2-x) and is capped with an upper layer of Platinum. When a positive voltage is applied, oxygen vacancies in the top layer of TiO2-x are repelled into the lower layer of Ti O2, inverting the polarity of the junction and turns the memristor on. By applying a negative voltage, oxygen vacancies are repelled to the top layer and turns the memristor on, creating a perfect binary bit. A memristor device, as a passive, non-volatile memory, is built from a matrix of memristor junctions formed by crossbars of the TiO2 and TiO2-x materials and providing voltage to vectors, encoding a 2 or 3 dimensional device.

Definition: The Memristor, M, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Flux and Charge. Measured in units of Memristance (Wb / C, or Ohms), M = d Φm / dq. Discovered in 1971 by Leon Chua, Physicist, Memristors are a fundamental switch that remembers the last electrical state. This junction, built on a layer of Platinum (Pt), has a layer of “resistive”, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), with an upper layer of oxygen deficient, “conductive”, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2-x) and is capped with an upper layer of Platinum. When a positive voltage is applied, oxygen vacancies in the top layer of TiO2-x are repelled into the lower layer of Ti O2, inverting the polarity of the junction and turns the memristor on. By applying a negative voltage, oxygen vacancies are repelled to the top layer and turns the memristor on, creating a perfect binary bit. A memristor device, as a passive, non-volatile memory, is built from a matrix of memristor junctions formed by crossbars of the TiO2 and TiO2-x materials and providing voltage to vectors, encoding a 2 or 3 dimensional device.

Definition: The Memristor, M, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Flux and Charge. Measured in units of Memristance (Wb / C, or Ohms), M = d Φm / dq. Discovered in 1971 by Leon Chua, Physicist, Memristors are a fundamental switch that remembers the last electrical state. This junction, built on a layer of Platinum (Pt), has a layer of “resistive”, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), with an upper layer of oxygen deficient, “conductive”, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2-x) and is capped with an upper layer of Platinum. When a positive voltage is applied, oxygen vacancies in the top layer of TiO2-x are repelled into the lower layer of Ti O2, inverting the polarity of the junction and turns the memristor on. By applying a negative voltage, oxygen vacancies are repelled to the top layer and turns the memristor on, creating a perfect binary bit. A memristor device, as a passive, non-volatile memory, is built from a matrix of memristor junctions formed by crossbars of the TiO2 and TiO2-x materials and providing voltage to vectors, encoding a 2 or 3 dimensional device.

Definition: The Memristor, M, as 1 of 4 passive components, has 2 fundamental variables of Flux and Charge. Measured in units of Memristance (Wb / C, or Ohms), M = d Φm / dq. Discovered in 1971 by Leon Chua, Physicist, Memristors are a fundamental switch that remembers the last electrical state. This junction, built on a layer of Platinum (Pt), has a layer of “resistive”, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), with an upper layer of oxygen deficient, “conductive”, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2-x) and is capped with an upper layer of Platinum. When a positive voltage is applied, oxygen vacancies in the top layer of TiO2-x are repelled into the lower layer of Ti O2, inverting the polarity of the junction and turns the memristor on. By applying a negative voltage, oxygen vacancies are repelled to the top layer and turns the memristor on, creating a perfect binary bit. A memristor device, as a passive, non-volatile memory, is built from a matrix of memristor junctions formed by crossbars of the TiO2 and TiO2-x materials and providing voltage to vectors, encoding a 2 or 3 dimensional device.

Invented in 2006 by Stanley Williams.

Invented in 2006 by Stanley Williams.

Invented in 2006 by Stanley Williams.

Invented in 2006 by Stanley Williams.

Invented in 2006 by Stanley Williams.

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

CAPACITORS · INDUCTORS · TRANSFORMERS MEMRISTORS · RESISTORS · IDENTITY

Resistors, an overview

Resistors, an overview

Resistors, an overview

Resistors, an overview

Resistors, an overview

Includes: Fixed, Force Sensitive, High Voltage, Humistor, Light Dependent, Network, Power, RF, Thermistor, and Variable. Definition: Resistors, as 1 of 4 passive components, have 2 fundamental variables of Voltage and Current. Measured in units of Resistance (V / A or Ohms, Ω), R = dV / dl). Resistors add electrical resistance to a circuit and are used to reduce current flow or divide voltages within a circuit. They can be used as a logical reference to encode or control power distribution systems, electromechanical devices and communication systems. Tolerance, as a percentage, is the accuracy of the fixed value of a resistor is determined by the material choice, Carbon Composite with 5% to 20%, Carbon Film with 1% to 5%, Wire Wound with 0.005% to 5%, Metal Film with 0.1 to 1% and Foil Resistors with 0.1% to 0.0005%. TCR, Resistivity, Conductivity and Temperature Coefficient of various materials at 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) can be found as a reference on this site. Resistor Colour Codes can be found as a reference on this site.

Includes: Fixed, Force Sensitive, High Voltage, Humistor, Light Dependent, Network, Power, RF, Thermistor, and Variable. Definition: Resistors, as 1 of 4 passive components, have 2 fundamental variables of Voltage and Current. Measured in units of Resistance (V / A or Ohms, Ω), R = dV / dl). Resistors add electrical resistance to a circuit and are used to reduce current flow or divide voltages within a circuit. They can be used as a logical reference to encode or control power distribution systems, electromechanical devices and communication systems. Tolerance, as a percentage, is the accuracy of the fixed value of a resistor is determined by the material choice, Carbon Composite with 5% to 20%, Carbon Film with 1% to 5%, Wire Wound with 0.005% to 5%, Metal Film with 0.1 to 1% and Foil Resistors with 0.1% to 0.0005%. TCR, Resistivity, Conductivity and Temperature Coefficient of various materials at 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) can be found as a reference on this site. Resistor Colour Codes can be found as a reference on this site.

Includes: Fixed, Force Sensitive, High Voltage, Humistor, Light Dependent, Network, Power, RF, Thermistor, and Variable. Definition: Resistors, as 1 of 4 passive components, have 2 fundamental variables of Voltage and Current. Measured in units of Resistance (V / A or Ohms, Ω), R = dV / dl). Resistors add electrical resistance to a circuit and are used to reduce current flow or divide voltages within a circuit. They can be used as a logical reference to encode or control power distribution systems, electromechanical devices and communication systems. Tolerance, as a percentage, is the accuracy of the fixed value of a resistor is determined by the material choice, Carbon Composite with 5% to 20%, Carbon Film with 1% to 5%, Wire Wound with 0.005% to 5%, Metal Film with 0.1 to 1% and Foil Resistors with 0.1% to 0.0005%. TCR, Resistivity, Conductivity and Temperature Coefficient of various materials at 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) can be found as a reference on this site. Resistor Colour Codes can be found as a reference on this site.

Includes: Fixed, Force Sensitive, High Voltage, Humistor, Light Dependent, Network, Power, RF, Thermistor, and Variable. Definition: Resistors, as 1 of 4 passive components, have 2 fundamental variables of Voltage and Current. Measured in units of Resistance (V / A or Ohms, Ω), R = dV / dl). Resistors add electrical resistance to a circuit and are used to reduce current flow or divide voltages within a circuit. They can be used as a logical reference to encode or control power distribution systems, electromechanical devices and communication systems. Tolerance, as a percentage, is the accuracy of the fixed value of a resistor is determined by the material choice, Carbon Composite with 5% to 20%, Carbon Film with 1% to 5%, Wire Wound with 0.005% to 5%, Metal Film with 0.1 to 1% and Foil Resistors with 0.1% to 0.0005%. TCR, Resistivity, Conductivity and Temperature Coefficient of various materials at 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) can be found as a reference on this site. Resistor Colour Codes can be found as a reference on this site.

Includes: Fixed, Force Sensitive, High Voltage, Humistor, Light Dependent, Network, Power, RF, Thermistor, and Variable. Definition: Resistors, as 1 of 4 passive components, have 2 fundamental variables of Voltage and Current. Measured in units of Resistance (V / A or Ohms, Ω), R = dV / dl). Resistors add electrical resistance to a circuit and are used to reduce current flow or divide voltages within a circuit. They can be used as a logical reference to encode or control power distribution systems, electromechanical devices and communication systems. Tolerance, as a percentage, is the accuracy of the fixed value of a resistor is determined by the material choice, Carbon Composite with 5% to 20%, Carbon Film with 1% to 5%, Wire Wound with 0.005% to 5%, Metal Film with 0.1 to 1% and Foil Resistors with 0.1% to 0.0005%. TCR, Resistivity, Conductivity and Temperature Coefficient of various materials at 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) can be found as a reference on this site. Resistor Colour Codes can be found as a reference on this site.

Invented in 1827 by Georg Simon Ohm.

Invented in 1827 by Georg Simon Ohm.

Invented in 1827 by Georg Simon Ohm.

Invented in 1827 by Georg Simon Ohm.

Invented in 1827 by Georg Simon Ohm.

Resistor, Fixed

Resistor, Fixed