Mars, Terrestrial Planet MARS | Terrestrial Planet MARS | Terrestrial Planet MARS | Terrestrial Planet MARS | Terrestrial Planet MARS | Terrestrial Planet 2 Moons 2 Moons 2 Moons 2 Moons 2 Moons X ~ 3,402.5 km | Y ~ 3,402.5 km | Z ~ 3,377.4 km X ~ 3,402.5 km | Y ~ 3,402.5 km | Z ~ 3,377.4 km X ~ 3,402.5 km | Y ~ 3,402.5 km | Z ~ 3,377.4 km X ~ 3,402.5 km | Y ~ 3,402.5 km | Z ~ 3,377.4 km X ~ 3,402.5 km | Y ~ 3,402.5 km | Z ~ 3,377.4 km Perihelion ~ 206.65 million km | Aphelion ~ 249.23 million km Perihelion ~ 206.65 million km | Aphelion ~ 249.23 million km Perihelion ~ 206.65 million km | Aphelion ~ 249.23 million km Perihelion ~ 206.65 million km | Aphelion ~ 249.23 million km Perihelion ~ 206.65 million km | Aphelion ~ 249.23 million km PLANET MARS PLANET MARS PLANET MARS PLANET MARS PLANET MARS Terrestrial Class Terrestrial Class Terrestrial Class Terrestrial Class Terrestrial Class /mɑːz/ /mɑːz/ /mɑːz/ /mɑːz/ /mɑːz/ Phonetic Phonetic Phonetic Phonetic Phonetic Visually discovered by the people of Babylonia, Mesopotamia, 1400 BC Visually discovered by the people of Babylonia, Mesopotamia, 1400 BC Visually discovered by the people of Babylonia, Mesopotamia, 1400 BC Visually discovered by the people of Babylonia, Mesopotamia, 1400 BC Visually discovered by the people of Babylonia, Mesopotamia, 1400 BC DISCOVERY DISCOVERY DISCOVERY DISCOVERY DISCOVERY Mars, from Māvors (Latin) Mars, from Māvors (Latin) Mars, from Māvors (Latin) Mars, from Māvors (Latin) Mars, from Māvors (Latin) Roman god, Mars Roman god, Mars Roman god, Mars Roman god, Mars Roman god, Mars God of war and agriculture. God of war and agriculture. God of war and agriculture. God of war and agriculture. God of war and agriculture. ETYMOLOGY ETYMOLOGY ETYMOLOGY ETYMOLOGY ETYMOLOGY NAIF-499 NAIF-499 NAIF-499 NAIF-499 NAIF-499 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference 2.138E+04 km 2.138E+04 km 2.138E+04 km 2.138E+04 km 2.138E+04 km Body Circumference Body Circumference Body Circumference Body Circumference Body Circumference 1.448E+08 km2 1.448E+08 km2 1.448E+08 km2 1.448E+08 km2 1.448E+08 km2 Body Surface Area Body Surface Area Body Surface Area Body Surface Area Body Surface Area 1.638E+11 km3 1.638E+11 km3 1.638E+11 km3 1.638E+11 km3 1.638E+11 km3 Body Volume Body Volume Body Volume Body Volume Body Volume 3,402.5 km 3,402.5 km 3,402.5 km 3,402.5 km 3,402.5 km Body Semi-Major Axis Body Semi-Major Axis Body Semi-Major Axis Body Semi-Major Axis Body Semi-Major Axis 3,402.5 km 3,402.5 km 3,402.5 km 3,402.5 km 3,402.5 km Body Semi-Minor Axis Body Semi-Minor Axis Body Semi-Minor Axis Body Semi-Minor Axis Body Semi-Minor Axis 3,377.4 km 3,377.4 km 3,377.4 km 3,377.4 km 3,377.4 km Body Polar Axis Body Polar Axis Body Polar Axis Body Polar Axis Body Polar Axis 0 0 0 0 0 Body Eccentricity (e) Body Eccentricity (e) Body Eccentricity (e) Body Eccentricity (e) Body Eccentricity (e) 0.007’377 0.007’377 0.007’377 0.007’377 0.007’377 Body Flattening Ratio (f) Body Flattening Ratio (f) Body Flattening Ratio (f) Body Flattening Ratio (f) Body Flattening Ratio (f) -2.91 -2.91 -2.91 -2.91 -2.91 Body Apparent Magnitude Body Apparent Magnitude Body Apparent Magnitude Body Apparent Magnitude Body Apparent Magnitude 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 Body Geometric Albedo Body Geometric Albedo Body Geometric Albedo Body Geometric Albedo Body Geometric Albedo 228,462,716,449.89 Hz 228,462,716,449.89 Hz 228,462,716,449.89 Hz 228,462,716,449.89 Hz 228,462,716,449.89 Hz Body Frequency (Peak) Body Frequency (Peak) Body Frequency (Peak) Body Frequency (Peak) Body Frequency (Peak) 2.415E-05 m 2.415E-05 m 2.415E-05 m 2.415E-05 m 2.415E-05 m Body Wavelength (Peak) Body Wavelength (Peak) Body Wavelength (Peak) Body Wavelength (Peak) Body Wavelength (Peak) 120 K, -153.15 °C 120 K, -153.15 °C 120 K, -153.15 °C 120 K, -153.15 °C 120 K, -153.15 °C Body Temperature Body Temperature Body Temperature Body Temperature Body Temperature 589.5 W/m2 589.5 W/m2 589.5 W/m2 589.5 W/m2 589.5 W/m2 Body Solar Radiation Body Solar Radiation Body Solar Radiation Body Solar Radiation Body Solar Radiation 73.54 km 73.54 km 73.54 km 73.54 km 73.54 km Body Barycenter Body Barycenter Body Barycenter Body Barycenter Body Barycenter 982,700.06 km 982,700.06 km 982,700.06 km 982,700.06 km 982,700.06 km Body Hill Sphere Body Hill Sphere Body Hill Sphere Body Hill Sphere Body Hill Sphere 226,957,299.94 km 226,957,299.94 km 226,957,299.94 km 226,957,299.94 km 226,957,299.94 km Body Lagrangian Point L1 @ 0° Body Lagrangian Point L1 @ 0° Body Lagrangian Point L1 @ 0° Body Lagrangian Point L1 @ 0° Body Lagrangian Point L1 @ 0° 228,922,700.06 km 228,922,700.06 km 228,922,700.06 km 228,922,700.06 km 228,922,700.06 km Body Lagrangian Point L2 @ 0° Body Lagrangian Point L2 @ 0° Body Lagrangian Point L2 @ 0° Body Lagrangian Point L2 @ 0° Body Lagrangian Point L2 @ 0° 714,530,342.05 km 714,530,342.05 km 714,530,342.05 km 714,530,342.05 km 714,530,342.05 km Body Lagrangian Point L3 @ 180° Body Lagrangian Point L3 @ 180° Body Lagrangian Point L3 @ 180° Body Lagrangian Point L3 @ 180° Body Lagrangian Point L3 @ 180° 238,176,780.68 km 238,176,780.68 km 238,176,780.68 km 238,176,780.68 km 238,176,780.68 km Body Lagrangian Point L4 @ + 60° Body Lagrangian Point L4 @ + 60° Body Lagrangian Point L4 @ + 60° Body Lagrangian Point L4 @ + 60° Body Lagrangian Point L4 @ + 60° -238,176,780.68 km -238,176,780.68 km -238,176,780.68 km -238,176,780.68 km -238,176,780.68 km Body Lagrangian Point L5 @ – 60° Body Lagrangian Point L5 @ – 60° Body Lagrangian Point L5 @ – 60° Body Lagrangian Point L5 @ – 60° Body Lagrangian Point L5 @ – 60° 3.7 m/s2 3.7 m/s2 3.7 m/s2 3.7 m/s2 3.7 m/s2 Body Surface Gravity Body Surface Gravity Body Surface Gravity Body Surface Gravity Body Surface Gravity 0.000’000’322’608 Sun 6.417E+23 kg 0.000’000’322’608 Sun 6.417E+23 kg 0.000’000’322’608 Sun 6.417E+23 kg 0.000’000’322’608 Sun 6.417E+23 kg 0.000’000’322’608 Sun 6.417E+23 kg Body Mass Primary Body Mass Primary Body Mass Primary Body Mass Primary Body Mass Primary 3.889 g/cm3 3.889 g/cm3 3.889 g/cm3 3.889 g/cm3 3.889 g/cm3 Body Density Body Density Body Density Body Density Body Density 636 Pa, 6.276’8 m Atm 636 Pa, 6.276’8 m Atm 636 Pa, 6.276’8 m Atm 636 Pa, 6.276’8 m Atm 636 Pa, 6.276’8 m Atm Body Pressure Body Pressure Body Pressure Body Pressure Body Pressure 5.017 km/s 5.017 km/s 5.017 km/s 5.017 km/s 5.017 km/s Body Escape Velocity Body Escape Velocity Body Escape Velocity Body Escape Velocity Body Escape Velocity 866.096’2 km/h 866.096’2 km/h 866.096’2 km/h 866.096’2 km/h 866.096’2 km/h Body Equatorial Velocity Body Equatorial Velocity Body Equatorial Velocity Body Equatorial Velocity Body Equatorial Velocity 1.026 day, 24.62 hour 1.026 day, 24.62 hour 1.026 day, 24.62 hour 1.026 day, 24.62 hour 1.026 day, 24.62 hour Body Rotation Sidereal Body Rotation Sidereal Body Rotation Sidereal Body Rotation Sidereal Body Rotation Sidereal 1.027’5 day 1.027’5 day 1.027’5 day 1.027’5 day 1.027’5 day Body Mean Solar Day Body Mean Solar Day Body Mean Solar Day Body Mean Solar Day Body Mean Solar Day 25.19° 25.19° 25.19° 25.19° 25.19° Body Axis Tilt Body Axis Tilt Body Axis Tilt Body Axis Tilt Body Axis Tilt Prograde Prograde Prograde Prograde Prograde Body Orientation Body Orientation Body Orientation Body Orientation Body Orientation Prograde Prograde Prograde Prograde Prograde Orbit Orientation Orbit Orientation Orbit Orientation Orbit Orientation Orbit Orientation 781.909’5 day 781.909’5 day 781.909’5 day 781.909’5 day 781.909’5 day Orbit Synodic Period Orbit Synodic Period Orbit Synodic Period Orbit Synodic Period Orbit Synodic Period 685.46 day 685.46 day 685.46 day 685.46 day 685.46 day Orbit Sidereal Period Orbit Sidereal Period Orbit Sidereal Period Orbit Sidereal Period Orbit Sidereal Period 24.13 km/s 24.13 km/s 24.13 km/s 24.13 km/s 24.13 km/s Orbit Velocity Orbit Velocity Orbit Velocity Orbit Velocity Orbit Velocity 1.429E+09 km 1.429E+09 km 1.429E+09 km 1.429E+09 km 1.429E+09 km Orbit Circumference Orbit Circumference Orbit Circumference Orbit Circumference Orbit Circumference 227,940,000 km 227,940,000 km 227,940,000 km 227,940,000 km 227,940,000 km Semi-Major Axis Semi-Major Axis Semi-Major Axis Semi-Major Axis Semi-Major Axis 226,943,598 km 226,943,598 km 226,943,598 km 226,943,598 km 226,943,598 km Semi-Minor Axis Semi-Minor Axis Semi-Minor Axis Semi-Minor Axis Semi-Minor Axis 206,650,404 km (Perihelion) 206,650,404 km (Perihelion) 206,650,404 km (Perihelion) 206,650,404 km (Perihelion) 206,650,404 km (Perihelion) Orbit Periapsis Inner Orbit Periapsis Inner Orbit Periapsis Inner Orbit Periapsis Inner Orbit Periapsis Inner 249,229,596 km (Aphelion) 249,229,596 km (Aphelion) 249,229,596 km (Aphelion) 249,229,596 km (Aphelion) 249,229,596 km (Aphelion) Orbit Periapsis Outer Orbit Periapsis Outer Orbit Periapsis Outer Orbit Periapsis Outer Orbit Periapsis Outer 0.093’4 0.093’4 0.093’4 0.093’4 0.093’4 Orbit Eccentricity (e) Orbit Eccentricity (e) Orbit Eccentricity (e) Orbit Eccentricity (e) Orbit Eccentricity (e) 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 Orbit Inclination (i) Ecliptic Orbit Inclination (i) Ecliptic Orbit Inclination (i) Ecliptic Orbit Inclination (i) Ecliptic Orbit Inclination (i) Ecliptic 286.5 (Perihelion) 286.5 (Perihelion) 286.5 (Perihelion) 286.5 (Perihelion) 286.5 (Perihelion) Orbit Argument of Periapsis (ω) Orbit Argument of Periapsis (ω) Orbit Argument of Periapsis (ω) Orbit Argument of Periapsis (ω) Orbit Argument of Periapsis (ω) 19.37 19.37 19.37 19.37 19.37 Orbit Mean Anomaly (v) Orbit Mean Anomaly (v) Orbit Mean Anomaly (v) Orbit Mean Anomaly (v) Orbit Mean Anomaly (v) 49.56 49.56 49.56 49.56 49.56 Long Ascending Node (Ω) Long Ascending Node (Ω) Long Ascending Node (Ω) Long Ascending Node (Ω) Long Ascending Node (Ω) CO2=95.97%, Ar2=1.93%, N2=1.89% O2=0.146% & CO=0.055’7% CO2=95.97%, Ar2=1.93%, N2=1.89% O2=0.146% & CO=0.055’7% CO2=95.97%, Ar2=1.93%, N2=1.89% O2=0.146% & CO=0.055’7% CO2=95.97%, Ar2=1.93%, N2=1.89% O2=0.146% & CO=0.055’7% CO2=95.97%, Ar2=1.93%, N2=1.89%, O2=0.146% & CO=0.055’7% Material Material Material Material Material PHOBOS of Mars PHOBOS of Mars PHOBOS of Mars PHOBOS of Mars PHOBOS of Mars Irregular Moon, L01 Irregular Moon, L01 Irregular Moon, L01 Irregular Moon, L01 Irregular Moon, L01 X ~ 11.27 km | Y ~ 11.27 km | Z ~ 11.27 km X ~ 11.27 km | Y ~ 11.27 km | Z ~ 11.27 km X ~ 11.27 km | Y ~ 11.27 km | Z ~ 11.27 km X ~ 11.27 km | Y ~ 11.27 km | Z ~ 11.27 km X ~ 11.27 km | Y ~ 11.27 km | Z ~ 11.27 km Perigee ~ 9,234 km | Apogee ~ 9,518 km Perigee ~ 9,234 km | Apogee ~ 9,518 km Perigee ~ 9,234 km | Apogee ~ 9,518 km Perigee ~ 9,234 km | Apogee ~ 9,518 km Perigee ~ 9,234 km | Apogee ~ 9,518 km DEIMOS of Mars DEIMOS of Mars DEIMOS of Mars DEIMOS of Mars DEIMOS of Mars Irregular Moon, L02 Irregular Moon, L02 Irregular Moon, L02 Irregular Moon, L02 Irregular Moon, L02 X ~ 6.2 km | Y ~ 6.2 km | Z ~ 6.2 km X ~ 6.2 km | Y ~ 6.2 km | Z ~ 6.2 km X ~ 6.2 km | Y ~ 6.2 km | Z ~ 6.2 km X ~ 6.2 km | Y ~ 6.2 km | Z ~ 6.2 km X ~ 6.2 km | Y ~ 6.2 km | Z ~ 6.2 km Perigee ~ 23,452 km | Apogee ~ 23,468 km Perigee ~ 23,452 km | Apogee ~ 23,468 km Perigee ~ 23,452 km | Apogee ~ 23,468 km Perigee ~ 23,452 km | Apogee ~ 23,468 km Perigee ~ 23,452 km | Apogee ~ 23,468 km 3D Bump Map of Mars (Physical) 3D Bump Map of Mars (Physical) 3D Bump Map of Mars (Physical) 3D Bump Map of Mars (Physical) 3D Bump Map of Mars (Physical) JPG 3D Bump Map of Mars (Topographical) 3D Bump Map of Mars (Topographical) 3D Bump Map of Mars (Topographical) 3D Bump Map of Mars (Topographical) 3D Bump Map of Mars (Topographical) JPG Chasma Boreale Chasma Boreale Chasma Boreale Chasma Boreale Chasma Boreale LD SD HD Curiosity Rover Self Portrait Curiosity Rover Self Portrait Curiosity Rover Self Portrait Curiosity Rover Self Portrait Curiosity Rover Self Portrait LD SD HD Harrison Rock Feldspar Crystals at Gale Crater Harrison Rock Feldspar Crystals at Gale Crater Harrison Rock Feldspar Crystals at Gale Crater Harrison Rock Feldspar Crystals at Gale Crater Harrison Rock Feldspar Crystals at Gale Crater LD SD HD Mount Sharp Mount Sharp Mount Sharp Mount Sharp Mount Sharp LD SD HD Mars Topography Map Mars Topography Map Mars Topography Map Mars Topography Map Mars Topography Map LD SD HD Valles Marineris Valles Marineris Valles Marineris Valles Marineris Valles Marineris LD SD HD Opportunity Rover at Victoria Crater Opportunity Rover at Victoria Crater Opportunity Rover at Victoria Crater Opportunity Rover at Victoria Crater Opportunity Rover at Victoria Crater LD SD HD Yellowknife Bay formation Yellowknife Bay formation Yellowknife Bay formation Yellowknife Bay formation Yellowknife Bay formation LD SD HD Phobos Over Mars Phobos Over Mars Phobos Over Mars Phobos Over Mars Phobos Over Mars LD SD HD Deimos Over Mars Deimos Over Mars Deimos Over Mars Deimos Over Mars Deimos Over Mars LD SD HD