NEODYMIUM, Nd (60)

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ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

Elemental Tile

···

OVERVIEW

NEODYMIUM

Nd (60)

ˌniːoʊˈdɪmiəm

PHONETICS

IDENTIFICATION

Neodymium is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. It is present in significant quantities in the ore minerals monazite and bastnäsite (or bastnaesite). It is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Although neodymium is classed as a 'rare earth', it is a fairly common element, no rarer than cobalt, nickel, and copper, and is widely distributed in the Earth’s crust. Most of the world’s neodymium is mined in China.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1885 by Carl Auer von Welsbach, Austria.

DISCOVERY

Greek, 'neos didymos' meaning 'new twin'.

ETYMOLOGY

Neodymium

ELEMENT

Nd

SYMBOL

60

ATOMIC NUMBER

7440-00-8

CAS NUMBER

PHYSICAL

element

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Silver

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

-

REFRACTIVE INDEX

0.280

POISSON RATIO

20.576 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

265.00M Pa, 2.615'3k Atm

BRINELL HARDNESS

1.20

MOHS HARDNESS

343.00M Pa, 3.385'1k Atm

VICKERS HARDNESS

2,330 m/s, Mach 6.793'0

SPEED OF SOUND

32.00G Pa, 315.815'4k Atm

BULK MODULUS

16.00G Pa, 157.907'7k Atm

SHEAR MODULUS

41.00G Pa, 404.638'5k Atm

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

element

element

element

THERMODYNAMIC

1,294.15 K, 1,021.00 °C

MELTING POINT

3,373.15 K, 3,100.00 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

17.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

0.000'009'6 K¯¹

THERMAL EXPANSION

190.00 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

7.100 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

285.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

19.20 K, -253.95 °C

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

ELECTROMAGNETIC

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE

1.60M S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

640.00n Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Paramagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

0.000'000'480'0

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

0.000'000'069'235'00

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

0.003'364'800'00

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

STRUCTURE

Lanthanide

CLASSIFICATION

144.236'131'4

ATOMIC WEIGHT

206 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

174 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

137 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

-

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

229 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Xe]6s²4f⁴

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Hexagonal, Close Packed Double

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

7.010'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

6.890'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

P6₃/mmc

SPACE GROUP NAME

194

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 2π/3

LATTICE ANGLES

365.8, 365.8 1179.9 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

REACTIVITY

3

VALENCE

1.14

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

184.87 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY

element

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ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

0.000'001 %

UNIVERSE

0.000'05 %

METEORITES

0.000'000'3 %

SUN

0.003'3 %

EARTH CRUST

0.000'000'000'28 %

OCEANS

-

HUMANS

ISOTOPES

Stable

HALF LIFE

Stable

LIFETIME

4f⁴ = 4, 3, 0, +1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS

16.600'00 b σ_s

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION

50.500'00 b σ_a

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION

STABLE ISOTOPES

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UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

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ISOTOPIC CHAIN

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Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability	&nbsp	A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability		A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_060_nd_124_u	Unstable	¹²⁴Nd	Boson	60	p	64	n	0	1	123.952'230'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-44.497'000'000'0	MeV	8.052'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.58E-8	year	500.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β+	7,613.000	keV	¹²⁴Pr	¹²⁴Nd > [ ? % , β+ , 7,613.0 keV ] > ¹²⁴Pr								?	%	¹²³Sb	?	%	¹²⁴Te
Isotope_060_nd_125_u	Unstable	¹²⁵Nd	Fermion	60	p	65	n	5/2	1	124.948'880'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-47.618'000'000'0	MeV	8.077'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.90E-8	year	600.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	9,271.000	keV	¹²⁵Pr	¹²⁵Nd > [ 100 % , β+ , 9,271.0 keV ] > ¹²⁵Pr								100.000'000	%	¹²⁵Te	?	%	¹²⁴Te
Isotope_060_nd_126_u	Unstable	¹²⁶Nd	Boson	60	p	66	n	0	1	125.943'220'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-52.890'000'000'0	MeV	8.119'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-8	year	1,000.000	milliseconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β+	6,346.000	keV	¹²⁶Pr	¹²⁶Nd > [ ? % , β+ , 6,346.0 keV ] > ¹²⁶Pr								?	%	¹²⁵Te	?	%	¹²⁶Te
Isotope_060_nd_127_u	Unstable	¹²⁷Nd	Fermion	60	p	67	n	5/2	1	126.940'500'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-55.424'000'000'0	MeV	8.138'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.70E-8	year	1.800	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	7,986.000	keV	¹²⁷Pr	¹²⁷Nd > [ 100 % , β+ , 7,986.0 keV ] > ¹²⁷Pr			β+p	?	keV	¹²⁶Ce	¹²⁷Nd > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ¹²⁶Ce	100.000'000	%	¹²⁷I	?	%	¹²⁶Te
Isotope_060_nd_128_u	Unstable	¹²⁸Nd	Boson	60	p	68	n	0	1	127.935'390'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-60.184'000'000'0	MeV	8.175'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.58E-7	year	4.980	seconds ( x⁰ )	?	%	β+	5,125.000	keV	¹²⁸Pr	¹²⁸Nd > [ ? % , β+ , 5,125.0 keV ] > ¹²⁸Pr			β+p	?	keV	¹²⁷I	¹²⁸Nd > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ¹²⁷I	?	%	¹²⁸Xe	?	%	¹²⁷I
Isotope_060_nd_129_u	Unstable	¹²⁹Nd	Fermion	60	p	69	n	5/2	1	128.933'188'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-62.235'000'000'0	MeV	8.190'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.55E-7	year	4.900	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	6,517.000	keV	¹²⁹Pr	¹²⁹Nd > [ 100 % , β+ , 6,517.0 keV ] > ¹²⁹Pr			β+p	?	keV	¹²⁸Ce	¹²⁹Nd > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ¹²⁸Ce	100.000'000	%	¹²⁹Xe	?	%	¹²⁸Xe
Isotope_060_nd_130_u	Unstable	¹³⁰Nd	Boson	60	p	70	n	0	1	129.928'506'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-66.596'233'000'0	MeV	8.222'513'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.65E-7	year	21.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	3,557.000	keV	¹³⁰Pr	¹³⁰Nd > [ 100 % , β+ , 3,557.0 keV ] > ¹³⁰Pr								?	%	¹³⁰Xe
Isotope_060_nd_131_u	Unstable	¹³¹Nd	Fermion	60	p	71	n	5/2	1	130.927'247'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-67.768'984'000'0	MeV	8.230'311'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.05E-6	year	33.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	5,487.100	keV	¹³¹Pr	¹³¹Nd > [ 100 % , β+ , 5,487.1 keV ] > ¹³¹Pr			β+p	?	keV	¹³⁰Ce	¹³¹Nd > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ¹³⁰Ce	100.000'000	%	¹³¹Xe	?	%	¹³⁰Xe
Isotope_060_nd_132_u	Unstable	¹³²Nd	Boson	60	p	72	n	0	1	131.923'321'237'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-71.425'808'000'0	MeV	8.256'810'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.97E-6	year	93.600	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,765.500	keV	¹³²Pr	¹³²Nd > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,765.5 keV ] > ¹³²Pr								?	%	¹³²Xe
Isotope_060_nd_133_u	Unstable	¹³³Nd	Fermion	60	p	73	n	7/2	1	132.922'348'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-72.332'373'000'0	MeV	8.262'231'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.22E-6	year	70.200	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	4,583.000	keV	¹³³Pr	¹³³Nd > [ 100 % , β+ , 4,583.0 keV ] > ¹³³Pr								100.000'000	%	¹³³Cs

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