YTTRIUM, Y (39)

Yttrium is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a “rare earth element”. Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1794 by Johann Gadolin, Finland.

DISCOVERY

Named after the Village of 'Ytterby' near Vaxholm in Sweden.

ETYMOLOGY

Yttrium

ELEMENT

Y

SYMBOL

39

ATOMIC NUMBER

7440-65-5

CAS NUMBER

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Silver

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

-

REFRACTIVE INDEX

0.240

POISSON RATIO

19.881 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

589.00M Pa, 5.813'0k Atm

BRINELL HARDNESS

-

MOHS HARDNESS

-

VICKERS HARDNESS

3,300 m/s, Mach 9.621'0

SPEED OF SOUND

41.00G Pa, 404.638'5k Atm

BULK MODULUS

26.00G Pa, 256.600'0k Atm

SHEAR MODULUS

64.00G Pa, 631.630'9k Atm

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

1,799.15 K, 1,526.00 °C

MELTING POINT

3,618.15 K, 3,345.00 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

17.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

0.000'010'6 K¯¹

THERMAL EXPANSION

298.00 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

11.400 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

380.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE

1.80M S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

560.00n Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

1.300 K

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

-

MAGNETIC TYPE

0.000'000'066'6

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

0.000'000'005'921'00

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

0.000'297'800'00

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

Transition Metal

CLASSIFICATION

88.905'848'3

ATOMIC WEIGHT

212 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

163 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

130 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

124 pm

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

219 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Kr]5s²4d¹

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Hexagonal, Close Packed Single

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

4.472'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

4.240'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

P6₃/mmc

SPACE GROUP NAME

194

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 2π/3

LATTICE ANGLES

364.74, 364.74 573.06 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

3

VALENCE

1.22

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

29.62 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY