GALLIUM, Ga (31)

Gallium is a soft, silvery metal, and elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures, and melts at 29.76 °C, slightly above room temperature and is commonly used as a temperature reference point.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1875 by Paul-Emile Lecoq, France.

DISCOVERY

Latin, 'Gallia' meaning 'France'.

ETYMOLOGY

Gallium

ELEMENT

Ga

SYMBOL

31

ATOMIC NUMBER

7440-55-3

CAS NUMBER

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Silver

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

-

REFRACTIVE INDEX

-

POISSON RATIO

11.809 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

60.00M Pa, 592.154'0 Atm

BRINELL HARDNESS

1.50

MOHS HARDNESS

-

VICKERS HARDNESS

2,740 m/s, Mach 7.988'3

SPEED OF SOUND

-

BULK MODULUS

-

SHEAR MODULUS

-

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

302.91 K, 29.76 °C

MELTING POINT

2,477.15 K, 2,204.00 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

29.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

0.000'120'0 K¯¹

THERMAL EXPANSION

371.00 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

5.590 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

256.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE

7.10M S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

140.00n Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

1.083 K

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Diamagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

-0.000'000'003'0

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

-0.000'000'000'209'00

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

-0.000'017'700'00

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

Transition Metal

CLASSIFICATION

69.723'065'6

ATOMIC WEIGHT

136 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

124 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

117 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

121

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

187 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Ar]4s²3d¹⁰4p¹

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Orthorhombic, Primitive

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

5.904'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

6.095'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

Cmca

SPACE GROUP NAME

64

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 π/2

LATTICE ANGLES

451.97, 766.33 452.6 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

3

VALENCE

1.81

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

39.56 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY