CALIFORNIUM, Cf (98)

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ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

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OVERVIEW

CALIFORNIUM

Cf (98)

ˌkælɪˈfɔːniəm

PHONETICS

IDENTIFICATION

Californium is made by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). Two crystalline forms exist under normal pressure: one above and one below 900 °C (1,650 °F) and a third form exists at high pressure. The most stable isotope is californium-251, with a half-life of 898 years.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1950 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso and Kenneth Street, USA.

DISCOVERY

From the name of the State and University of California, USA.

ETYMOLOGY

Californium

ELEMENT

Cf

SYMBOL

98

ATOMIC NUMBER

7440-71-3

CAS NUMBER

PHYSICAL

element

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Silver

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

-

REFRACTIVE INDEX

-

POISSON RATIO

16.595 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

-

BRINELL HARDNESS

-

MOHS HARDNESS

-

VICKERS HARDNESS

-

SPEED OF SOUND

-

BULK MODULUS

-

SHEAR MODULUS

-

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

element

element

THERMODYNAMIC

1,173.15 K, 900.00 °C

MELTING POINT

-

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

10.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

-

THERMAL EXPANSION

-

SPECIFIC HEAT

-

HEAT FUSION

-

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

ELECTROMAGNETIC

-

ELECTRICAL TYPE

-

CONDUCTIVITY

-

RESISTIVITY

-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

-

MAGNETIC TYPE

-

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

-

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

-

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

STRUCTURE

Actinide

CLASSIFICATION

250.578'119'0

ATOMIC WEIGHT

-

ATOMIC RADIUS

168 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

140 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

-

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

245 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Rn]7s²5f¹⁰

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Hexagonal, Close Packed Double

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

15.100'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

-

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

p6₃/mmc

SPACE GROUP NAME

194

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 2π/3

LATTICE ANGLES

338, 338 1102.5 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

REACTIVITY

4

VALENCE

1.3

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

-

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY

element

element

ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

-

UNIVERSE

-

METEORITES

-

SUN

-

EARTH CRUST

-

OCEANS

-

HUMANS

ISOTOPES

901 Years

HALF LIFE

1,300 years

LIFETIME

5f¹⁰ = 5, 3, -1, -1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS

-

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION

-

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION

STABLE ISOTOPES

NONE

UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

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ISOTOPIC CHAIN

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Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability		A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	A03 Decay Probability		A03 Decay Mode	A03 Decay Energy		A03 Decay Daughter	A03 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide	Y05 Decay Product Yield		Y05 Decay Product Nuclide	Y06 Decay Product Yield		Y06 Decay Product Nuclide	Y07 Decay Product Yield		Y07 Decay Product Nuclide	Y08 Decay Product Yield		Y08 Decay Product Nuclide	Y09 Decay Product Yield		Y09 Decay Product Nuclide	Y10 Decay Product Yield		Y10 Decay Product Nuclide	Y11 Decay Product Yield		Y11 Decay Product Nuclide	Y12 Decay Product Yield		Y12 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_098_cf_237_u	Unstable	²³⁷Cf	Fermion	98	p	139	n	5/2	1	237.062'070'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	84.393'000'000'0	MeV	7.440'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.65E-8	year	2.100	seconds ( x⁰ )	10.000'000	%	SF	?	keV	V	²³⁷Cf > [ 10 % , SF , ? keV ] > V			β+	3,698.000	keV	²³⁷Bk	²³⁷Cf > [ , β+ , 3,698.0 keV ] > ²³⁷Bk	?	%	α	8,100.000	keV	²³³Cm	²³⁷Cf > [ ? % , α , 8,100.0 keV ] > ²³³Cm	?	%	²⁰⁵Tl	?	%	²⁰⁷Pb				?	%	²⁰⁶Pb	?	%	¹⁷⁶Hf	?	%	¹⁶⁰Dy	?	%	¹⁴⁰Ce	?	%	¹⁵²Sm	?	%	¹⁸⁰Hf	?	%	¹⁵⁶Gd	?	%	¹⁶⁸Er	?	%	¹⁶⁴Dy
Isotope_098_cf_238_u	Unstable	²³⁸Cf	Boson	98	p	140	n	0	1	238.061'410'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	57.818'000'000'0	MeV	7.504'7.504'7.504'7.504	MeV	-		-		6.69E-7	year	21.100	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	SF	?	keV	V	²³⁸Cf > [ 100 % , SF , ? keV ] > V			α	8,055.000	keV	²³⁴Cm	²³⁸Cf > [ , α , 8,055.0 keV ] > ²³⁴Cm	?	%	β+	1,893.000	keV	²³⁸Bk	²³⁸Cf > [ ? % , β+ , 1,893.0 keV ] > ²³⁸Bk	0.094'076	%	²⁰⁶Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb
Isotope_098_cf_239_u	Unstable	²³⁹Cf	Fermion	98	p	141	n	5/2	1	239.062'422'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	57.203'000'000'0	MeV	7.509'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.90E-6	year	60.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	?	%	α	7,810.000	keV	²³⁵Cm	²³⁹Cf > [ ? % , α , 7,810.0 keV ] > ²³⁵Cm			β+	2,837.000	keV	²³⁹Bk	²³⁹Cf > [ , β+ , 2,837.0 keV ] > ²³⁹Bk								?	%	²⁰⁵Tl	?	%	²⁰⁸Pb	?	%	²⁰⁷Pb	?	%	¹⁷²Yb	?	%	¹⁷⁶Hf	?	%	¹⁶⁰Dy	?	%	¹⁴⁰Ce	?	%	¹⁵²Sm	?	%	¹⁸⁰Hf	?	%	¹⁵⁶Gd	?	%	¹⁶⁸Er	?	%	¹⁶⁴Dy
Isotope_098_cf_240_u	Unstable	²⁴⁰Cf	Boson	98	p	142	n	0	1	240.062'302'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	58.145'000'000'0	MeV	7.507'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.02E-6	year	63.600	seconds ( x⁰ )	98.000'000	%	α	7,718.800	keV	²³⁶Cm	²⁴⁰Cf > [ 98 % , α , 7,718.8 keV ] > ²³⁶Cm			SF	?	keV	V	²⁴⁰Cf > [ , SF , ? keV ] > V	?	%	β+	1,347.000	keV	²⁴⁰Bk	²⁴⁰Cf > [ ? % , β+ , 1,347.0 keV ] > ²⁴⁰Bk	?	%	²⁰⁸Pb	?	%	²⁰⁶Pb	?	%	²⁰⁰Hg	?	%	²⁰⁶Pb
Isotope_098_cf_241_u	Unstable	²⁴¹Cf	Fermion	98	p	143	n	7/2	-1	241.063'726'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	58.034'000'000'0	MeV	7.510'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.29E-6	year	229.980	seconds ( x⁰ )	75.000'000	%	β+	2,235.000	keV	²⁴¹Bk	²⁴¹Cf > [ 75 % , β+ , 2,235.0 keV ] > ²⁴¹Bk			α	7,659.000	keV	²³⁷Cm	²⁴¹Cf > [ , α , 7,659.0 keV ] > ²³⁷Cm								?	%	²⁰⁵Tl	?	%	²⁰⁷Pb
Isotope_098_cf_242_u	Unstable	²⁴²Cf	Boson	98	p	144	n	0	1	242.063'701'552'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	59.361'000'000'0	MeV	7.507'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.62E-6	year	208.980	seconds ( x⁰ )	80.000'000	%	α	7,516.780	keV	²³⁸Cm	²⁴²Cf > [ 80 % , α , 7,516.78 keV ] > ²³⁸Cm			β+	580.000	keV	²⁴²Bk	²⁴²Cf > [ , β+ , 580.0 keV ] > ²⁴²Bk	0.014'000	%	SF	?	keV	V	²⁴²Cf > [ 0.014 % , SF , ? keV ] > V	100.044'019	%	²⁰⁶Pb	0.000'002	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb
Isotope_098_cf_243_u	Unstable	²⁴³Cf	Fermion	98	p	145	n	1/2	1	243.065'427'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	59.337'614'000'0	MeV	7.509'302'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.03E-5	year	642.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	86.000'000	%	β+	1,232.000	keV	²⁴³Bk	²⁴³Cf > [ 86 % , β+ , 1,232.0 keV ] > ²⁴³Bk			α	7,328.000	keV	²³⁹Cm	²⁴³Cf > [ , α , 7,328.0 keV ] > ²³⁹Cm								100.671'216	%	²⁰⁷Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁶Pb	0.000'000	%	¹⁶⁰Dy	0.000'000	%	¹⁴⁰Ce	?	%	¹⁷²Yb	?	%	¹⁷⁶Hf	?	%	¹⁵²Sm	?	%	¹⁸⁰Hf	?	%	¹⁵⁶Gd	?	%	¹⁶⁸Er	?	%	¹⁶⁴Dy
Isotope_098_cf_244_u	Unstable	²⁴⁴Cf	Boson	98	p	146	n	0	1	244.066'000'689'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	60.945'000'000'0	MeV	7.505'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.68E-5	year	1.160	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	α	7,328.900	keV	²⁴⁰Cm	²⁴⁴Cf > [ 100 % , α , 7,328.9 keV ] > ²⁴⁰Cm			ϵ	763.700	keV	²⁴⁴Bk	²⁴⁴Cf > [ , ϵ , 763.7 keV ] > ²⁴⁴Bk								100.504'021	%	²⁰⁸Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁶Pb	?	%	²⁰⁰Hg	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb
Isotope_098_cf_245_u	Unstable	²⁴⁵Cf	Fermion	98	p	147	n	5/2	1	245.068'048'612'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	61.479'247'000'0	MeV	7.505'132'000'0	MeV	-		-		8.56E-5	year	2.700	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	64.000'000	%	β+	549.230	keV	²⁴⁵Bk	²⁴⁵Cf > [ 64 % , β+ , 549.23 keV ] > ²⁴⁵Bk			α	7,258.530	keV	²⁴¹Cm	²⁴⁵Cf > [ , α , 7,258.53 keV ] > ²⁴¹Cm								100.091'193	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁷Pb
Isotope_098_cf_246_u	Unstable	²⁴⁶Cf	Boson	98	p	148	n	0	1	246.068'805'309'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	63.386'875'000'0	MeV	7.499'657'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.09E-3	year	128.995	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	α	6,861.600	keV	²⁴²Cm	²⁴⁶Cf > [ 100 % , α , 6,861.6 keV ] > ²⁴²Cm			ϵ	123.300	keV	²⁴⁶Bk	²⁴⁶Cf > [ , ϵ , 123.3 keV ] > ²⁴⁶Bk	0.000'250	%	SF	?	keV	V	²⁴⁶Cf > [ 0.00025 % , SF , ? keV ] > V	100.048'165	%	²⁰⁶Pb	0.000'002	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb

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