NEPTUNIUM, Np (93)

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ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

Elemental Tile

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OVERVIEW

NEPTUNIUM

Np (93)

nɛpˈtjuːniəm

PHONETICS

IDENTIFICATION

Neptunium is silvery, tarnishes when exposed to air and occurs in three allotropic forms and it normally exhibits five oxidation states, ranging from +3 to +7. It is radioactive, pyrophoric, and can accumulate in bones, which makes the handling of neptunium dangerous. The most stable isotope of neptunium, neptunium-237, is a by-product of nuclear reactors and plutonium production.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1940 by Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson, USA.

DISCOVERY

From the name Neptune, the planet.

ETYMOLOGY

Neptunium

ELEMENT

Np

SYMBOL

93

ATOMIC NUMBER

7439-99-8

CAS NUMBER

PHYSICAL

element

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Silver

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

-

REFRACTIVE INDEX

-

POISSON RATIO

11.567 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

-

BRINELL HARDNESS

-

MOHS HARDNESS

-

VICKERS HARDNESS

-

SPEED OF SOUND

-

BULK MODULUS

-

SHEAR MODULUS

-

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

element

element

element

THERMODYNAMIC

917.15 K, 644.00 °C

MELTING POINT

4,273.15 K, 4,000.00 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

6.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

-

THERMAL EXPANSION

-

SPECIFIC HEAT

10.000 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

335.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

ELECTROMAGNETIC

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE

830.00k S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

1.20μ Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

-

MAGNETIC TYPE

-

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

-

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

-

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

STRUCTURE

Actinide

CLASSIFICATION

236.547'371'8

ATOMIC WEIGHT

140 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

171 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

136 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

116 pm

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

221 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Rn]7s²5f⁴6d¹

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Orthorhombic, Primitive

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

20.450'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

-

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

Pnma

SPACE GROUP NAME

62

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 π/2

LATTICE ANGLES

666.3, 472.3 488.7 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

REACTIVITY

6

VALENCE

1.36

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

-

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY

element

ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

-

UNIVERSE

-

METEORITES

-

SUN

-

EARTH CRUST

-

OCEANS

-

HUMANS

ISOTOPES

2.15 x 10⁶ Years

HALF LIFE

3.10 x 10⁶ Years

LIFETIME

6d¹ = 6, 2, -2, +1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS

14.500'00 b σ_s

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION

175.900'00 b σ_a

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION

STABLE ISOTOPES

NONE

UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

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ISOTOPIC CHAIN

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Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability		A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	A03 Decay Probability		A03 Decay Mode	A03 Decay Energy		A03 Decay Daughter	A03 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide	Y05 Decay Product Yield		Y05 Decay Product Nuclide	Y06 Decay Product Yield		Y06 Decay Product Nuclide	Y07 Decay Product Yield		Y07 Decay Product Nuclide	Y08 Decay Product Yield		Y08 Decay Product Nuclide	Y09 Decay Product Yield		Y09 Decay Product Nuclide	Y10 Decay Product Yield		Y10 Decay Product Nuclide	Y11 Decay Product Yield		Y11 Decay Product Nuclide	Y12 Decay Product Yield		Y12 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_093_np_225_u	Unstable	²²⁵Np	Boson	93	p	132	n	9/2	-1	225.033'913'933'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	58.620'000'000'0	MeV	7.532'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.51E-11	year	3.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	α	8,786.500	keV	²²¹Pa	²²⁵Np > [ 100 % , α , 8,786.5 keV ] > ²²¹Pa															100.460'820	%	²⁰⁵Tl							0.000'000	%	¹⁶⁰Dy	0.000'000	%	¹⁴⁰Ce	?	%	¹⁷²Yb	?	%	¹⁷⁶Hf	?	%	¹⁵²Sm	?	%	¹⁸⁰Hf	?	%	¹⁵⁶Gd	?	%	¹⁶⁸Er	?	%	¹⁶⁴Dy
Isotope_093_np_226_u	Unstable	²²⁶Np	Fermion	93	p	133	n	?	0	226.035'145'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	31.590'626'000'0	MeV	7.607'544'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.11E-9	year	35.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	α	8,197.300	keV	²²²Pa	²²⁶Np > [ 100 % , α , 8,197.3 keV ] > ²²²Pa			β+	4,386.800	keV	²²⁶U	²²⁶Np > [ , β+ , 4,386.8 keV ] > ²²⁶U								100.178'000	%	²⁰⁶Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb
Isotope_093_np_227_u	Unstable	²²⁷Np	Boson	93	p	134	n	5/2	-1	227.034'956'789'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	32.738'000'000'0	MeV	7.605'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.62E-8	year	510.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	α	7,816.400	keV	²²³Pa	²²⁷Np > [ 100 % , α , 7,816.4 keV ] > ²²³Pa			β+	2,517.900	keV	²²⁷U	²²⁷Np > [ , β+ , 2,517.9 keV ] > ²²⁷U								100.051'002	%	²⁰⁷Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁵Tl
Isotope_093_np_228_u	Unstable	²²⁸Np	Fermion	93	p	135	n	?	0	228.036'180'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	32.562'040'000'0	MeV	7.607'351'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.95E-6	year	61.380	seconds ( x⁰ )	60.000'000	%	ϵ	4,477.000	keV	²²⁸U	²²⁸Np > [ 60 % , ϵ , 4,477.0 keV ] > ²²⁸U			α	7,406.000	keV	²²⁴Pa	²²⁸Np > [ , α , 7,406.0 keV ] > ²²⁴Pa	0.012'000	%	β+SF	?	keV	V	²²⁸Np > [ 0.012 % , β+SF , ? keV ] > V	100.053'300	%	²⁰⁸Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁶Pb	?	%	²⁰⁰Hg
Isotope_093_np_229_u	Unstable	²²⁹Np	Boson	93	p	136	n	5/2	1	229.036'263'808'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	33.701'000'000'0	MeV	7.604'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.61E-6	year	240.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	50.000'000	%	β+	1,546.700	keV	²²⁹U	²²⁹Np > [ 50 % , β+ , 1,546.7 keV ] > ²²⁹U			α	7,014.000	keV	²²⁵Pa	²²⁹Np > [ , α , 7,014.0 keV ] > ²²⁵Pa								100.197'273	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁷Pb
Isotope_093_np_230_u	Unstable	²³⁰Np	Fermion	93	p	137	n	?	0	230.037'827'597'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	33.779'521'000'0	MeV	7.606'087'000'0	MeV	-		-		8.87E-6	year	280.020	seconds ( x⁰ )	97.000'000	%	β+	2,599.300	keV	²³⁰U	²³⁰Np > [ 97 % , β+ , 2,599.3 keV ] > ²³⁰U			α	6,778.100	keV	²²⁶Pa	²³⁰Np > [ , α , 6,778.1 keV ] > ²²⁶Pa								100.000'134	%	²⁰⁶Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb	?	%	²⁰⁵Tl
Isotope_093_np_231_u	Unstable	²³¹Np	Boson	93	p	138	n	5/2	1	231.038'245'085'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	35.236'181'000'0	MeV	7.601'776'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.28E-5	year	2.930	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	98.000'000	%	β+	795.500	keV	²³¹U	²³¹Np > [ 98 % , β+ , 795.5 keV ] > ²³¹U			α	6,368.400	keV	²²⁷Pa	²³¹Np > [ , α , 6,368.4 keV ] > ²²⁷Pa								100.280'239	%	²⁰⁷Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb
Isotope_093_np_232_u	Unstable	²³²Np	Fermion	93	p	139	n	4	1	232.040'108'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	35.625'068'000'0	MeV	7.602'125'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.79E-5	year	882.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	1,728.000	keV	²³²U	²³²Np > [ 100 % , β+ , 1,728.0 keV ] > ²³²U			α	6,012.000	keV	²²⁸Pa	²³²Np > [ , α , 6,012.0 keV ] > ²²⁸Pa								100.007'001	%	²⁰⁸Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁶Pb	?	%	²⁰⁰Hg
Isotope_093_np_233_u	Unstable	²³³Np	Boson	93	p	140	n	5/2	1	233.040'740'546'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	37.361'000'000'0	MeV	7.597'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.88E-5	year	2.170	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	7.400	keV	²³³U	²³³Np > [ 100 % , β+ , 7.4 keV ] > ²³³U			α	5,626.700	keV	²²⁹Pa	²³³Np > [ , α , 5,626.7 keV ] > ²²⁹Pa								100.013'805	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁷Pb
Isotope_093_np_234_u	Unstable	²³⁴Np	Fermion	93	p	141	n	0	1	234.042'895'038'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	37.949'575'000'0	MeV	7.596'176'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.20E-2	year	380.160	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	787.650	keV	²³⁴U	²³⁴Np > [ 100 % , β+ , 787.65 keV ] > ²³⁴U															100.044'159	%	²⁰⁶Pb	0.000'002	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb

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