NEODYMIUM, Nd (60)

Neodymium is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. It is present in significant quantities in the ore minerals monazite and bastnäsite (or bastnaesite). It is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Although neodymium is classed as a 'rare earth', it is a fairly common element, no rarer than cobalt, nickel, and copper, and is widely distributed in the Earth’s crust. Most of the world’s neodymium is mined in China.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1885 by Carl Auer von Welsbach, Austria.

DISCOVERY

Greek, 'neos didymos' meaning 'new twin'.

ETYMOLOGY

Neodymium

ELEMENT

Nd

SYMBOL

60

ATOMIC NUMBER

7440-00-8

CAS NUMBER

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Silver

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

-

REFRACTIVE INDEX

0.280

POISSON RATIO

20.576 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

265.00M Pa, 2.615'3k Atm

BRINELL HARDNESS

1.20

MOHS HARDNESS

343.00M Pa, 3.385'1k Atm

VICKERS HARDNESS

2,330 m/s, Mach 6.793'0

SPEED OF SOUND

32.00G Pa, 315.815'4k Atm

BULK MODULUS

16.00G Pa, 157.907'7k Atm

SHEAR MODULUS

41.00G Pa, 404.638'5k Atm

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

1,294.15 K, 1,021.00 °C

MELTING POINT

3,373.15 K, 3,100.00 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

17.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

0.000'009'6 K¯¹

THERMAL EXPANSION

190.00 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

7.100 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

285.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

19.20 K, -253.95 °C

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE

1.60M S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

640.00n Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Paramagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

0.000'000'480'0

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

0.000'000'069'235'00

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

0.003'364'800'00

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

Lanthanide

CLASSIFICATION

144.236'131'4

ATOMIC WEIGHT

206 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

174 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

137 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

-

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

229 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Xe]6s²4f⁴

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Hexagonal, Close Packed Double

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

7.010'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

6.890'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

P6₃/mmc

SPACE GROUP NAME

194

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 2π/3

LATTICE ANGLES

365.8, 365.8 1179.9 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

3

VALENCE

1.14

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

184.87 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY