SELENIUM, Se (34)

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ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

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Elemental Tile

Selenium from Selenite

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OVERVIEW

SELENIUM

Se (34)

sɪˈliːniəm

PHONETICS

IDENTIFICATION

Selenium is a non-metal with properties that are intermediate between those of its periodic table column-adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium. It rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature, or as pure ore compounds.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1817 by Jöns Berzelius, Sweden.

DISCOVERY

Ancient Greek, Σελήνη (Selḗnē, 'moon').

ETYMOLOGY

Selenium

ELEMENT

Se

SYMBOL

34

ATOMIC NUMBER

7782-49-2

CAS NUMBER

PHYSICAL

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Grey

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

1.000'895

REFRACTIVE INDEX

0.330

POISSON RATIO

16.385 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

736.00M Pa, 7.263'8k Atm

BRINELL HARDNESS

2.00

MOHS HARDNESS

-

VICKERS HARDNESS

3,350 m/s, Mach 9.766'8

SPEED OF SOUND

8.30G Pa, 81.914'6k Atm

BULK MODULUS

3.70G Pa, 36.516'2k Atm

SHEAR MODULUS

10.00G Pa, 98.692'3k Atm

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

THERMODYNAMIC

494.15 K, 221.00 °C

MELTING POINT

958.15 K, 685.00 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

1,766.00 K, 1,492.85 °C

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

27.20M Pa, 268 Atm

CRITICAL PRESSURE

0.520'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

-

THERMAL EXPANSION

321.20 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

5.400 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

26.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

ELECTROMAGNETIC

-

ELECTRICAL TYPE

-

CONDUCTIVITY

-

RESISTIVITY

-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Diamagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

-0.000'000'004'0

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

-0.000'000'000'316'00

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

-0.000'019'300'00

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

STRUCTURE

Non Metal

CLASSIFICATION

78.959'388'2

ATOMIC WEIGHT

103 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

116 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

107 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

102

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

190 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Ar]4s²3d¹⁰4p⁴

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Hexagonal, Primitive

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

4.819'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

3.990'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

P12₁/C1

SPACE GROUP NAME

14

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, 1.584'93 π/2

LATTICE ANGLES

905.4, 908.3 1160.1 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

REACTIVITY

6

VALENCE

2.55

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

194.97 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY

ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

0.000'003 %

UNIVERSE

0.001'3 %

METEORITES

-

SUN

0.000'005 %

EARTH CRUST

0.000'000'045 %

OCEANS

0.000'005 %

HUMANS

ISOTOPES

Stable

HALF LIFE

Stable

LIFETIME

4p⁴ = 4, 1, -1, -1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS

8.300'00 b σ_s

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION

11.700'00 b σ_a

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION

STABLE ISOTOPES

UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

ISOTOPIC CHAIN

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_034_se_65_u	Unstable	⁶⁵Se	Fermion	34	p	31	n	3/2	-1	64.964'660'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-32.919'000'000'0	MeV	8.169'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.58E-9	year	50.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	13,040.000	keV	⁶⁵As	⁶⁵Se > [ 100 % , β+ , 13,040.0 keV ] > ⁶⁵As	β+p	?	keV	⁶⁴Ge	⁶⁵Se > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁶⁴Ge	100.000'000	%	⁶⁵Cu	?	%	⁶⁴Ni
Isotope_034_se_66_u	Unstable	⁶⁶Se	Boson	34	p	32	n	0	1	65.955'210'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-41.722'000'000'0	MeV	8.300'8.300'8.300'8.300	MeV	-		-		1.05E-9	year	33.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	8,759.000	keV	⁶⁶As	⁶⁶Se > [ 100 % , β+ , 8,759.0 keV ] > ⁶⁶As						100.000'000	%	⁶⁶Zn
Isotope_034_se_67_u	Unstable	⁶⁷Se	Fermion	34	p	33	n	5/2	-1	66.950'090'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-46.491'000'000'0	MeV	8.368'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.21E-9	year	133.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	9,135.000	keV	⁶⁷As	⁶⁷Se > [ 100 % , β+ , 9,135.0 keV ] > ⁶⁷As	β+p	?	keV	⁶⁶Ge	⁶⁷Se > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁶⁶Ge	100.000'000	%	⁶⁷Zn	?	%	⁶⁶Zn
Isotope_034_se_68_u	Unstable	⁶⁸Se	Boson	34	p	34	n	0	1	67.941'798'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-54.214'814'000'0	MeV	8.477'420'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.12E-9	year	35.500	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	3,662.200	keV	⁶⁸As	⁶⁸Se > [ 100 % , β+ , 3,662.2 keV ] > ⁶⁸As						100.000'000	%	⁶⁸Zn
Isotope_034_se_69_u	Unstable	⁶⁹Se	Fermion	34	p	35	n	1/2	-1	68.939'557'817'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-56.301'531'000'0	MeV	8.501'777'000'0	MeV	-		-		8.68E-7	year	27.400	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	5,762.900	keV	⁶⁹As	⁶⁹Se > [ 100 % , β+ , 5,762.9 keV ] > ⁶⁹As	β+p	?	keV	⁶⁸Ge	⁶⁹Se > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁶⁸Ge	100.000'000	%	⁶⁹Ga	?	%	⁶⁸Zn
Isotope_034_se_70_u	Unstable	⁷⁰Se	Boson	34	p	36	n	0	1	69.933'390'644'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-62.046'216'000'0	MeV	8.577'695'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.83E-5	year	2.470	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	1,274.700	keV	⁷⁰As	⁷⁰Se > [ 100 % , β+ , 1,274.7 keV ] > ⁷⁰As						100.000'000	%	⁷⁰Ge
Isotope_034_se_71_u	Unstable	⁷¹Se	Fermion	34	p	37	n	5/2	-1	70.932'241'822'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-63.116'336'000'0	MeV	8.585'635'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.00E-6	year	283.980	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	3,755.800	keV	⁷¹As	⁷¹Se > [ 100 % , β+ , 3,755.8 keV ] > ⁷¹As						100.000'000	%	⁷¹Ga
Isotope_034_se_72_u	Unstable	⁷²Se	Boson	34	p	38	n	0	1	71.927'112'352'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-67.894'407'000'0	MeV	8.644'854'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.31E-2	year	730.080	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	ϵ	335.400	keV	⁷²As	⁷²Se > [ 100 % , ϵ , 335.4 keV ] > ⁷²As						100.000'000	%	⁷²Ge
Isotope_034_se_73_u	Unstable	⁷³Se	Fermion	34	p	39	n	9/2	1	72.926'765'345'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-68.217'642'000'0	MeV	8.641'425'000'0	MeV	0.870'000'000'0	nm	-		8.14E-4	year	25.700	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	1,716.860	keV	⁷³As	⁷³Se > [ 100 % , β+ , 1,716.86 keV ] > ⁷³As						100.000'000	%	⁷³Ge
Isotope_034_se_74_s	Stable	⁷⁴Se	Boson	34	p	40	n	0	1	73.922'476'436'0	u	0.890'000	%	0.657'910'040'3	-72.212'735'000'0	MeV	8.687'708'000'0	MeV	-		-		-				?	%	β+	-834.700	keV	⁷⁴Ge	⁷⁴Se > [ ? % , β+ , -834.7 keV ] > ⁷⁴Ge						?	%	⁷⁴Ge
Isotope_034_se_75_u	Unstable	⁷⁵Se	Fermion	34	p	41	n	5/2	1	74.922'523'368'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-72.169'018'000'0	MeV	8.678'907'000'0	MeV	0.670'000'000'0	nm	1.000'000'000'0	b	3.28E-1	year	10.349	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	ϵ	863.392	keV	⁷⁵As	⁷⁵Se > [ 100 % , ϵ , 863.392 keV ] > ⁷⁵As						100.000'000	%	⁷⁵As
Isotope_034_se_76_s	Stable	⁷⁶Se	Boson	34	p	42	n	0	1	75.919'213'597'0	u	9.370'000	%	7.113'630'314'0	-75.252'050'000'0	MeV	8.711'478'000'0	MeV	-		-		-
Isotope_034_se_77_s	Stable	⁷⁷Se	Fermion	34	p	43	n	1/2	-1	76.919'914'038'0	u	7.630'000	%	5.868'989'441'1	-74.599'594'000'0	MeV	8.694'691'000'0	MeV	0.535'042'200'0	nm	-		-
Isotope_034_se_78_s	Stable	⁷⁸Se	Boson	34	p	44	n	0	1	77.917'309'090'0	u	23.770'000	%	18.520'944'370'7	-77.026'086'000'0	MeV	8.717'808'000'0	MeV	-		-		-
Isotope_034_se_79_u	Unstable	⁷⁹Se	Fermion	34	p	45	n	7/2	1	78.918'499'098'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-75.917'602'000'0	MeV	8.695'593'000'0	MeV	1.018'000'000'0	nm	0.800'000'000'0	b	2.95E+5	years	9.316	tera-seconds ( x¹² )	100.000'000	%	β-	150.910	keV	⁷⁹Br	⁷⁹Se > [ 100 % , β- , 150.91 keV ] > ⁷⁹Br						100.000'000	%	⁷⁹Br
Isotope_034_se_80_s	Stable	⁸⁰Se	Boson	34	p	46	n	0	1	79.916'521'271'0	u	49.610'000	%	39.646'586'202'5	-77.759'936'000'0	MeV	8.710'819'000'0	MeV	-		-		-				100.000'000	%	2β-	132.560	keV	⁸⁰Kr	⁸⁰Se > [ 100 % , 2β- , 132.56 keV ] > ⁸⁰Kr						?	%	⁸⁰Kr
Isotope_034_se_81_u	Unstable	⁸¹Se	Fermion	34	p	47	n	1/2	-1	80.917'992'474'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-76.389'519'000'0	MeV	8.686'005'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.51E-5	year	1.107	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	1,585.320	keV	⁸¹Br	⁸¹Se > [ 100 % , β- , 1,585.32 keV ] > ⁸¹Br						100.000'000	%	⁸¹Br
Isotope_034_se_82_u	Unstable	⁸²Se	Boson	34	p	48	n	0	1	81.916'699'401'0	u	8.730'000	%	7.151'327'857'7	-77.594'008'000'0	MeV	8.693'198'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.83E+19	years	3,102.112	yotta-seconds ( x²⁴ )	100.000'000	%	2β-	2,995.500	keV	⁸²Kr	⁸²Se > [ 100 % , 2β- , 2,995.5 keV ] > ⁸²Kr						100.000'000	%	⁸²Kr
Isotope_034_se_83_u	Unstable	⁸³Se	Fermion	34	p	49	n	9/2	1	82.919'118'473'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-75.340'657'000'0	MeV	8.658'557'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.25E-5	year	1.340	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,668.270	keV	⁸³Br	⁸³Se > [ 100 % , β- , 3,668.27 keV ] > ⁸³Br						100.000'000	%	⁸³Kr
Isotope_034_se_84_u	Unstable	⁸⁴Se	Boson	34	p	50	n	0	1	83.918'462'354'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-75.951'829'000'0	MeV	8.658'841'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.02E-6	year	190.020	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	1,847.500	keV	⁸⁴Br	⁸⁴Se > [ 100 % , β- , 1,847.5 keV ] > ⁸⁴Br						100.000'000	%	⁸⁴Kr
Isotope_034_se_85_u	Unstable	⁸⁵Se	Fermion	34	p	51	n	5/2	1	84.922'245'053'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-72.428'267'000'0	MeV	8.610'476'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.00E-6	year	31.700	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	6,182.000	keV	⁸⁵Br	⁸⁵Se > [ 100 % , β- , 6,182.0 keV ] > ⁸⁵Br						100.000'000	%	⁸⁵Rb
Isotope_034_se_86_u	Unstable	⁸⁶Se	Boson	34	p	52	n	0	1	85.924'271'579'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-70.540'570'000'0	MeV	8.582'256'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.85E-7	year	15.300	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	5,099.000	keV	⁸⁶Br	⁸⁶Se > [ 100 % , β- , 5,099.0 keV ] > ⁸⁶Br						?	%	⁸⁶Sr
Isotope_034_se_87_u	Unstable	⁸⁷Se	Fermion	34	p	53	n	5/2	1	86.928'521'358'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	8.530'882'000'0	MeV	-		-		-		1.74E-7	year	5.500	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000		β-	7,275.000	keV	⁸⁷Br	⁸⁷Se > [ 100 , β- , 7,275.0 keV ] > ⁸⁷Br	β-n	986.300	keV	⁸⁶Br	⁸⁷Se > [ , β-n , 986.3 keV ] > ⁸⁶Br	97.000'000	%	⁸⁷Sr	?	%	⁸⁶Sr
Isotope_034_se_88_u	Unstable	⁸⁸Se	Boson	34	p	54	n	0	1	87.931'423'998'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-63.878'135'000'0	MeV	8.494'935'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.85E-8	year	1.530	seconds ( x⁰ )	99.000'000	%	β-	6,854.000	keV	⁸⁸Br	⁸⁸Se > [ 99 % , β- , 6,854.0 keV ] > ⁸⁸Br	β-n	1,907.500	keV	⁸⁷Br	⁸⁸Se > [ , β-n , 1,907.5 keV ] > ⁸⁷Br	92.070'000	%	⁸⁸Sr	7.474'500	%	⁸⁷Sr	?	%	⁸⁶Sr
Isotope_034_se_89_u	Unstable	⁸⁹Se	Fermion	34	p	55	n	5/2	1	88.936'450'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-59.196'000'000'0	MeV	8.438'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.30E-8	year	410.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	92.000'000	%	β-	9,375.000	keV	⁸⁹Br	⁸⁹Se > [ 92 % , β- , 9,375.0 keV ] > ⁸⁹Br	β-n	3,464.000	keV	⁸⁸Br	⁸⁹Se > [ , β-n , 3,464.0 keV ] > ⁸⁸Br	79.120'000	%	⁸⁹Y	19.950'000	%	⁸⁸Sr	0.513'240	%	⁸⁷Sr
Isotope_034_se_90_u	Unstable	⁹⁰Se	Boson	34	p	56	n	0	1	89.939'960'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-55.927'000'000'0	MeV	8.397'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.51E-9	year	300.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	3,693.000	keV	⁹⁰Br	⁹⁰Se > [ ? % , β- , 3,693.0 keV ] > ⁹⁰Br	β-n	4,573.000	keV	⁸⁹Br	⁹⁰Se > [ , β-n , 4,573.0 keV ] > ⁸⁹Br	?	%	⁹⁰Zr	?	%	⁸⁹Y	?	%	⁸⁸Sr
Isotope_034_se_91_u	Unstable	⁹¹Se	Fermion	34	p	57	n	1/2	1	90.945'960'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-50.338'000'000'0	MeV	8.332'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		8.56E-9	year	270.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	79.000'000	%	β-	11,170.000	keV	⁹¹Br	⁹¹Se > [ 79 % , β- , 11,170.0 keV ] > ⁹¹Br	β-n	6,211.000	keV	⁹⁰Br	⁹¹Se > [ , β-n , 6,211.0 keV ] > ⁹⁰Br	63.200'000	%	⁹¹Zr	31.550'000	%	⁹⁰Zr	5.292'000	%	⁸⁸Y
Isotope_034_se_92_u	Unstable	⁹²Se	Boson	34	p	58	n	0	1	91.949'920'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-46.649'000'000'0	MeV	8.289'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-9	year	100.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	9,931.000	keV	⁹²Br	⁹²Se > [ ? % , β- , 9,931.0 keV ] > ⁹²Br						?	%	⁹²Zr	?	%	⁹¹Zr
Isotope_034_se_93_u	Unstable	⁹³Se	Fermion	34	p	59	n	1/2	1	92.956'290'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-40.716'000'000'0	MeV	8.223'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.58E-9	year	50.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	12,333.000	keV	⁹³Br	⁹³Se > [ ? % , β- , 12,333.0 keV ] > ⁹³Br						?	%	⁹²Zr	?	%	⁹¹Zr	?	%	⁹³Nb
Isotope_034_se_94_u	Unstable	⁹⁴Se	Boson	34	p	60	n	0	1	93.960'490'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-36.803'000'000'0	MeV	8.180'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-10	year	20.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	11,001.000	keV	⁹⁴Br	⁹⁴Se > [ ? % , β- , 11,001.0 keV ] > ⁹⁴Br						?	%	⁹²Zr	?	%	⁹¹Zr	?	%	⁹³Nb	?	%	⁹⁴Mo

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