CHLORINE, Cl (17)

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ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Chlorine from Salt Crystals

···

OVERVIEW

CHLORINE

S (17)

ˈklɔːriːn

PHONETICS

IDENTIFICATION

Chlorine is a yellow-green gas under standard conditions, where it forms diatomic molecules and has the highest electron affinity and the third highest electro-negativity of all the reactive elements. For this reason, chlorine is a strong oxidizing agent.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1774 by Carl William Scheele, Sweden.

DISCOVERY

Ancient Greek, χλωρός (khlōrós, 'pale green').

ETYMOLOGY

Chlorine

ELEMENT

Cl

SYMBOL

17

ATOMIC NUMBER

7782-50-5

CAS NUMBER

PHYSICAL

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Yellow

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

1.000'773

REFRACTIVE INDEX

-

POISSON RATIO

11.031 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

-

BRINELL HARDNESS

-

MOHS HARDNESS

-

VICKERS HARDNESS

206 m/s, Mach 0.600'6

SPEED OF SOUND

1.10G Pa, 10.856'2k Atm

BULK MODULUS

-

SHEAR MODULUS

-

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

THERMODYNAMIC

171.65 K, -101.50 °C

MELTING POINT

239.11 K, -34.04 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

416.90 K, 143.75 °C

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

7.99M Pa, 79 Atm

CRITICAL PRESSURE

0.008'900 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

-

THERMAL EXPANSION

478.20 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

3.200 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

10.200 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

7/5

ADIABATIC INDEX

Gas

PHASE

ELECTROMAGNETIC

Insulator

ELECTRICAL TYPE

10.00m S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

100.00 Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Diamagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

-0.000'000'007'2

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

-0.000'000'000'255'00

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

-0.000'000'023'10

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

STRUCTURE

Halogen

CLASSIFICATION

35.452'538'2

ATOMIC WEIGHT

79 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

99 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

95 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

93 pm

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

175 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Ne]3s²3P⁵

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Orthorhombic, Primitive

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

-

DENSITY AS SOLID

1.564'90 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID

3.214'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS GAS

Cmca

SPACE GROUP NAME

64

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 π/2

LATTICE ANGLES

622.35, 445.61 817.85 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

REACTIVITY

5

VALENCE

3.16

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

348.58 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY

ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

0.000'1 %

UNIVERSE

0.037 %

METEORITES

0.000'5 %

SUN

0.017 %

EARTH CRUST

2 %

OCEANS

0.12 %

HUMANS

ISOTOPES

Stable

HALF LIFE

Stable

LIFETIME

3p² = 3, 1, 0, -1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS

16.800'00 b σ_s

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION

33.500'00 b σ_a

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION

STABLE ISOTOPES

UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

ISOTOPIC CHAIN

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability		A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	A03 Decay Probability		A03 Decay Mode	A03 Decay Energy		A03 Decay Daughter	A03 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_017_cl_28_u	Unstable	²⁸Cl	Fermion	17	p	11	n	1	1	28.028'510'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	26.557'000'000'0	MeV	6.648'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		?				?	%	p	1,725.000	keV	²⁷S	²⁸Cl > [ ? % , p , 1,725.0 keV ] > ²⁷S															?	%	²⁶Mg	?	%	²⁵Mg	?	%	²⁵Al
Isotope_017_cl_29_u	Unstable	²⁹Cl	Boson	17	p	12	n	3/2	1	29.014'110'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	13.143'000'000'0	MeV	7.159'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-16	year	20.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	p	1,781.000	keV	²⁸S	²⁹Cl > [ ? % , p , 1,781.0 keV ] > ²⁸S															?	%	²⁸Si	?	%	²⁴Mg	?	%	²⁷Al
Isotope_017_cl_30_u	Unstable	³⁰Cl	Fermion	17	p	13	n	3	1	30.004'770'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	4.443'000'000'0	MeV	7.480'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.51E-16	year	30.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	p	314.000	keV	²⁹S	³⁰Cl > [ ? % , p , 314.0 keV ] > ²⁹S															?	%	²⁹Si	?	%	²⁸Si
Isotope_017_cl_31_u	Unstable	³¹Cl	Boson	17	p	14	n	3/2	1	30.992'413'086'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-7.067'165'000'0	MeV	7.870'261'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.75E-9	year	150.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	99.000'000	%	β+	10,955.300	keV	³¹S	³¹Cl > [ 99 % , β+ , 10,955.3 keV ] > ³¹S	0.700'000	%	β+p	?	keV	³⁰P	³¹Cl > [ 0.7 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ³⁰P								99.000'000	%	³¹P	0.700'000	%	³⁰Si
Isotope_017_cl_32_u	Unstable	³²Cl	Fermion	17	p	15	n	1	1	31.985'689'901'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-13.329'771'000'0	MeV	8.072'251'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.44E-9	year	298.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	11,663.730	keV	³²S	³²Cl > [ 100 % , β+ , 11,663.73 keV ] > ³²S	0.054'000	%	β+α	?	keV	²⁸Si	³²Cl > [ 0.054 % , β+α , ? keV ] > ²⁸Si	0.000'260	%	β+p	?	keV	³¹P	³²Cl > [ 0.00026 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ³¹P	100.000'000	%	³²S	0.054'000	%	²⁸Si	0.026'000	%	³¹P
Isotope_017_cl_33_u	Unstable	³³Cl	Boson	17	p	16	n	3/2	1	32.977'451'887'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-21.003'432'000'0	MeV	8.304'758'000'0	MeV	0.752'300'000'0	nm	-		7.96E-8	year	2.511	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	4,560.362	keV	³³S	³³Cl > [ 100 % , β+ , 4,560.362 keV ] > ³³S															100.000'000	%	³³S
Isotope_017_cl_34_u	Unstable	³⁴Cl	Fermion	17	p	17	n	0	1	33.973'762'819'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-24.439'776'000'0	MeV	8.398'961'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.84E-8	year	1.526	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	4,469.813	keV	³⁴S	³⁴Cl > [ 100 % , β+ , 4,469.813 keV ] > ³⁴S															100.000'000	%	³⁴S
Isotope_017_cl_35_s	Stable	³⁵Cl	Boson	17	p	18	n	3/2	1	34.968'852'682'0	u	75.780'000	%	26.499'396'562'4	-29.013'540'000'0	MeV	8.520'278'000'0	MeV	0.821'874'300'0	nm	-0.082'490'000'0	b	-
Isotope_017_cl_36_u	Unstable	³⁶Cl	fermion	17	p	19	n	2	1	35.968'306'981'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-29.521'857'000'0	MeV	8.521'927'000'0	MeV	1.285'470'000'0	nm	-0.018'000'000'0	b	3.01E+5	years	9.499	tera-seconds ( x¹² )	98.100'000	%	β-	709.682	keV	³⁶Ar	³⁶Cl > [ 98.1 % , β- , 709.682 keV ] > ³⁶Ar	1.900'000	%	β+	120.017	keV	³⁶S	³⁶Cl > [ 1.9 % , β+ , 120.017 keV ] > ³⁶S								1.900'000	%	³⁶S
Isotope_017_cl_37_s	Stable	³⁷Cl	Boson	17	p	20	n	3/2	1	36.965'902'591'0	u	24.220'000	%	8.953'141'607'5	-31.761'532'000'0	MeV	8.570'280'000'0	MeV	0.684'123'600'0	nm	-0.064'930'000'0	b	-
Isotope_017_cl_38_u	Unstable	³⁸Cl	Fermion	17	p	21	n	2	-1	37.968'010'425'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-29.798'097'000'0	MeV	8.505'480'000'0	MeV	2.050'000'000'0	nm	-		7.08E-5	year	2.234	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	4,916.453	keV	³⁸Ar	³⁸Cl > [ 100 % , β- , 4,916.453 keV ] > ³⁸Ar															100.000'000	%	³⁸Ar
Isotope_017_cl_39_u	Unstable	³⁹Cl	Boson	17	p	22	n	3/2	-1	38.968'008'164'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-29.800'203'000'0	MeV	8.494'402'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.06E-4	year	3.340	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,441.810	keV	³⁹Ar	³⁹Cl > [ 100 % , β- , 3,441.81 keV ] > ³⁹Ar															100.000'000	%	³⁹K
Isotope_017_cl_40_u	Unstable	⁴⁰Cl	Fermion	17	p	23	n	2	-1	39.970'415'472'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-27.557'810'000'0	MeV	8.427'765'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.57E-6	year	81.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	7,482.100	keV	⁴⁰Ar	⁴⁰Cl > [ 100 % , β- , 7,482.1 keV ] > ⁴⁰Ar															100.000'000	%	⁴⁰Ar
Isotope_017_cl_41_u	Unstable	⁴¹Cl	Boson	17	p	24	n	?	0	40.970'684'525'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-27.307'189'000'0	MeV	8.412'958'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.22E-6	year	38.400	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	5,670.300	keV	⁴¹Ar	⁴¹Cl > [ 100 % , β- , 5,670.3 keV ] > ⁴¹Ar															100.000'000	%	⁴¹K
Isotope_017_cl_42_u	Unstable	⁴²Cl	Fermion	17	p	25	n	?	0	41.973'254'804'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-24.912'990'000'0	MeV	8.347'819'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.15E-7	year	6.800	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	9,510.000	keV	⁴²Ar	⁴²Cl > [ 100 % , β- , 9,510.0 keV ] > ⁴²Ar															100.000'000	%	⁴²Ca
Isotope_017_cl_43_u	Unstable	⁴³Cl	Boson	17	p	26	n	3/2	1	42.974'054'403'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-24.168'168'000'0	MeV	8.324'068'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.73E-8	year	3.070	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	7,842.000	keV	⁴³Ar	⁴³Cl > [ 100 % , β- , 7,842.0 keV ] > ⁴³Ar	?	%	β-n	2,183.000	keV	⁴²Ar	⁴³Cl > [ ? % , β-n , 2,183.0 keV ] > ⁴²Ar								100.000'000	%	⁴³Ca	?	%	⁴²Ca
Isotope_017_cl_44_u	Unstable	⁴⁴Cl	Fermion	17	p	27	n	?	0	43.978'281'071'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-20.231'052'000'0	MeV	8.228'843'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.77E-8	year	560.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	92.000'000	%	β-	12,442.000	keV	⁴⁴Ar	⁴⁴Cl > [ 92 % , β- , 12,442.0 keV ] > ⁴⁴Ar	8.000'000	%	β-n	3,707.000	keV	⁴³Ar	⁴⁴Cl > [ 8 % , β-n , 3,707.0 keV ] > ⁴³Ar								92.000'000	%	⁴⁴Ca	8.000'000	%	⁴²Ca
Isotope_017_cl_45_u	Unstable	⁴⁵Cl	Boson	17	p	28	n	3/2	1	44.980'286'886'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-18.362'647'000'0	MeV	8.183'823'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.27E-8	year	400.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	76.000'000	%	β-	11,408.000	keV	⁴⁵Ar	⁴⁵Cl > [ 76 % , β- , 11,408.0 keV ] > ⁴⁵Ar	24.000'000	%	β-n	6,239.000	keV	⁴⁴Ar	⁴⁵Cl > [ 24 % , β-n , 6,239.0 keV ] > ⁴⁴Ar								76.000'000	%	⁴⁵Sc	24.000'000	%	⁴⁴Ca
Isotope_017_cl_46_u	Unstable	⁴⁶Cl	Fermion	17	p	29	n	?	0	45.984'210'040'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-14.708'253'000'0	MeV	8.101'934'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.97E-9	year	220.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	60.000'000	%	β-n	9,661.000	keV	⁴⁵Ar	⁴⁶Cl > [ 60 % , β-n , 9,661.0 keV ] > ⁴⁵Ar	40.000'000	%	β-	15,012.000	keV	⁴⁶Ar	⁴⁶Cl > [ 40 % , β- , 15,012.0 keV ] > ⁴⁶Ar								60.000'000	%	⁴⁵Sc	?	%	⁴⁶Ti
Isotope_017_cl_47_u	Unstable	⁴⁷Cl	Boson	17	p	30	n	3/2	1	46.988'710'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-10.517'000'000'0	MeV	8.012'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-9	year	200.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	97.000'000	%	β-	15,391.000	keV	⁴⁷Ar	⁴⁷Cl > [ 97 % , β- , 15,391.0 keV ] > ⁴⁷Ar	3.000'000	%	β-n	11,132.000	keV	⁴⁶Ar	⁴⁷Cl > [ 3 % , β-n , 11,132.0 keV ] > ⁴⁶Ar								96.030'000	%	⁴⁷Ti	?	%	⁴⁶Ti
Isotope_017_cl_48_u	Unstable	⁴⁸Cl	Fermion	17	p	31	n	?	0	47.994'950'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-4.704'000'000'0	MeV	7.892'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-9	year	100.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	19,012.000	keV	⁴⁸Ar	⁴⁸Cl > [ ? % , β- , 19,012.0 keV ] > ⁴⁸Ar															?	%	⁴⁸Ti	?	%	⁴⁷Ti
Isotope_017_cl_49_u	Unstable	⁴⁹Cl	Boson	17	p	32	n	3/2	1	49.000'320'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	0.298'000'000'0	MeV	7.794'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.58E-9	year	50.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	18,444.000	keV	⁴⁹Ar	⁴⁹Cl > [ ? % , β- , 18,444.0 keV ] > ⁴⁹Ar															?	%	⁴⁸Ti	?	%	47ti
Isotope_017_cl_50_u	Unstable	⁵⁰Cl	Fermion	17	p	33	n	?	0	50.007'840'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	7.303'000'000'0	MeV	7.659'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-10	year	20.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	21,810.000	keV	⁵⁰Ar	⁵⁰Cl > [ ? % , β- , 21,810.0 keV ] > ⁵⁰Ar															?	%	⁵⁰Ti	?	%	49ti	?	%	⁴⁸Ti
Isotope_017_cl_51_u	Unstable	⁵¹Cl	Boson	17	p	34	n	3/2	1	51.014'490'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	13.497'000'000'0	MeV	7.546'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-11	year	2.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	21,290.000	keV	⁵¹Ar	⁵¹Cl > [ ? % , β- , 21,290.0 keV ] > ⁵¹Ar															?	%	⁵¹V	?	%	50ti

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