FLUORINE, F (9)

Fluorine is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive: almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1886 by Henri Moissan, France.

DISCOVERY

Latin, fluor ('flow') + -ine.

ETYMOLOGY

Fluorine

ELEMENT

F

SYMBOL

9

ATOMIC NUMBER

7782-41-4

CAS NUMBER

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Colourless

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

1.000'195

REFRACTIVE INDEX

-

POISSON RATIO

11.202 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

-

BRINELL HARDNESS

-

MOHS HARDNESS

-

VICKERS HARDNESS

332 m/s, Mach 0.967'9

SPEED OF SOUND

-

BULK MODULUS

-

SHEAR MODULUS

-

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

53.55 K, -219.60 °C

MELTING POINT

85.03 K, -188.12 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

144.13 K, -129.02 °C

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

5.17M Pa, 51 Atm

CRITICAL PRESSURE

0.027'700 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

-

THERMAL EXPANSION

824.00 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

0.260 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

3.270 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

7/5

ADIABATIC INDEX

Gas

PHASE

-

ELECTRICAL TYPE

-

CONDUCTIVITY

-

RESISTIVITY

-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Diamagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

-

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

-

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

-

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

Halogen

CLASSIFICATION

18.998'403'2

ATOMIC WEIGHT

42 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

71 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

59 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

53 pm

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

147 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[He]2s²2p⁵

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Cubic, Primitive

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

-

DENSITY AS SOLID

-

DENSITY AS LIQUID

1.696'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS GAS

C12/c1

SPACE GROUP NAME

15

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 π/2

LATTICE ANGLES

550, 328 728 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

1

VALENCE

3.98

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

328.17 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY